Many agrochemicals have endocrine disrupting properties. A subset of these chemicals is characterized as "estrogenic". In this review, we describe several distinct ways that chemicals used in crop production can affect estrogen signaling. Using three agrochemicals as examples (DDT, endosulfan, and atrazine), we illustrate how screening tests such as the US EPA's EDSP Tier 1 assays can be used as a first-pass approach to evaluate agrochemicals for endocrine activity. We then apply the "Key Characteristics" approach to illustrate how chemicals like DDT can be evaluated, together with the World Health Organization's definition of an endocrine disruptor, to identify data gaps. We conclude by describing important issues that must be addressed in the evaluation and regulation of hormonally active agrochemicals including mixture effects, efforts to reduce vertebrate animal use, chemical prioritization, and improvements in hazard, exposure, and risk assessments.

中文翻译：

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具有雌激素内分泌干扰特性的农用化学品：经验教训？

许多农用化学品具有内分泌干扰特性。这些化学物质的一个子集被描述为“雌激素”。在这篇综述中，我们描述了作物生产中使用的化学品影响雌激素信号传导的几种不同方式。我们以三种农用化学品（滴滴涕、硫丹和阿特拉津）为例，说明了如何将筛选测试（如美国环保署的 EDSP 第 1 级测定）用作评估农用化学品内分泌活性的首过方法。然后，我们应用“关键特征”方法来说明如何评估 DDT 等化学物质，以及世界卫生组织对内分泌干扰物的定义，以确定数据差距。