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Genetic diversity, population structure, and immigration, in a partially hunted puma population of south-central Argentina
Journal of Mammalogy ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 , DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa039
Orlando Gallo 1 , Diego F Castillo 1 , Raquel Godinho 2 , Emma B Casanave 1
Affiliation  

Carnivores are decreasing globally due in part to anthropogenic ecological disturbances. In Argentina, human activities have fragmented wildlife habitat, thereby intensifying puma–livestock conflict and leading to population control of the predator species by hunting. We investigated genetic variability and population structure of pumas (Puma concolor) from three south-central Argentine provinces with two different management policies for the species: full protection versus legal hunting. All genetic estimates were based on 83 individuals genotyped at 25 species-specific microsatellite loci. The overall genetic diversity was high (observed heterozygosity = 0.63), but lower than in other South American populations. Spatial analyses revealed the presence of two bottlenecked genetic clusters with very similar diversity and low gene flow (3% per generation) between them. However, analyses based on a priori separated groups showed that gene flow follows increasing values of hunting pressure, converging to the area with the greatest number of individuals harvested. Our results suggest that hunting pressure likely is contributing to the gene flow pattern, limiting pumas' movements and creating a metapopulation dynamic among geographic subpopulations. Integrated demographic and genetic approaches are needed to better understand pumas' movements across the landscape and adopt successful management plans to achieve long-term population viability.

中文翻译:

阿根廷中南部部分被猎杀的美洲狮种群的遗传多样性、种群结构和移民

部分由于人为生态干扰,食肉动物在全球范围内正在减少。在阿根廷,人类活动使野生动物栖息地支离破碎,从而加剧了美洲狮与牲畜的冲突,并导致通过狩猎对捕食者物种进行种群控制。我们调查了来自阿根廷中南部三个省份的美洲狮 (Puma concolor) 的遗传变异性和种群结构,对该物种采取了两种不同的管理政策:全面保护与合法狩猎。所有遗传估计均基于在 25 个物种特异性微卫星位点进行基因分型的 83 个个体。整体遗传多样性很高(观察到的杂合性 = 0.63),但低于其他南美种群。空间分析显示存在两个瓶颈遗传簇,它们之间具有非常相似的多样性和低基因流(每代 3%)。然而,基于先验分离群体的分析表明,基因流随着狩猎压力值的增加而增加,并会聚集到收获个体数量最多的区域。我们的研究结果表明,狩猎压力可能有助于基因流动模式,限制美洲狮的运动并在地理亚群之间创造一个复合种群动态。需要综合人口统计和遗传方法来更好地了解美洲狮在整个景观中的运动,并采用成功的管理计划来实现长期的种群生存能力。基于先验分离群体的分析表明,基因流随着狩猎压力值的增加而增加,并汇聚到收获个体数量最多的区域。我们的研究结果表明,狩猎压力可能有助于基因流动模式,限制美洲狮的运动并在地理亚群之间创造一个复合种群动态。需要综合人口统计和遗传方法来更好地了解美洲狮在整个景观中的运动,并采用成功的管理计划来实现长期的种群生存能力。基于先验分离群体的分析表明,基因流随着狩猎压力值的增加而增加,并汇聚到收获个体数量最多的区域。我们的研究结果表明,狩猎压力可能有助于基因流动模式,限制美洲狮的运动并在地理亚群之间创造一个复合种群动态。需要综合人口统计和遗传方法来更好地了解美洲狮在整个景观中的运动,并采用成功的管理计划来实现长期的种群生存能力。运动并在地理亚群之间创建元种群动态。需要综合人口统计和遗传方法来更好地了解美洲狮在整个景观中的运动,并采用成功的管理计划来实现长期的种群生存能力。运动并在地理亚群之间创建元种群动态。需要综合人口统计和遗传方法来更好地了解美洲狮在整个景观中的运动,并采用成功的管理计划来实现长期的种群生存能力。
更新日期:2020-05-05
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