In this study, three multiplex PCR panels involving twelve microsatellite loci were developed for cross‐species amplification in bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix). The panels were verified using population genetic analyses, and species and simulated hybrid discriminations based on the genotype data of all individuals from two populations for each species. The number of alleles (Na), the observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) of twelve loci were ranged from 5 to 20, 0.189 to 0.956, 0.177 to 901, and 0.169 to 0.887, respectively. Overall, almost all the microsatellite loci were detected as highly polymorphic across the two species. The populations of same species showed close genetic distances and similar genetic structures. Significant genetic differentiations were only detected between populations from different species, with a higher variation between species (21.17%) compared with that between populations within species (0.18%). In the species and simulated hybrid discrimination analyses, the individuals from different species were separated distinctly, and the simulated hybrids could almost be separated with the true individuals. In brief, the results indicated the high efficiency of the microsatellite multiplex panels developed in this study, which provide a practicable tool for further genetic analyses of H. nobilis and H. molitrix.

中文翻译：

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多重微卫星PCR面板及其在鳙鱼（ Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ）和鲢鱼（ H. molitrix ）遗传分析中的应用

在这项研究中，为鳙鱼 (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) 和鲢 (H. molitrix) 的跨物种扩增开发了三个涉及 12 个微卫星位点的多重 PCR 面板。使用群体遗传分析和基于每个物种两个群体的所有个体的基因型数据的物种和模拟杂交鉴别来验证面板。12个位点的等位基因数（Na）、观察到的和预期的杂合度（Ho和He）以及多态信息含量（PIC）的范围为5至20、0.189至0.956、0.177至901和0.169至0.887，分别。总的来说，几乎所有的微卫星位点都被检测为两个物种的高度多态性。同一物种的种群表现出接近的遗传距离和相似的遗传结构。仅在不同物种的种群之间检测到显着的遗传差异，物种之间的变异（21.17%）高于物种内种群之间的变异（0.18%）。在物种和模拟杂种判别分析中，不同物种的个体分离明显，模拟杂种几乎可以与真实个体分离。简而言之，结果表明本研究中开发的微卫星多重面板的高效性，为进一步对 H. nobilis 和 H. molitrix 进行遗传分析提供了实用的工具。在物种和模拟杂种判别分析中，不同物种的个体分离明显，模拟杂种几乎可以与真实个体分离。简而言之，结果表明本研究中开发的微卫星多重面板的高效性，为进一步对 H. nobilis 和 H. molitrix 进行遗传分析提供了实用的工具。在物种和模拟杂种判别分析中，不同物种的个体分离明显，模拟杂种几乎可以与真实个体分离。简而言之，结果表明本研究中开发的微卫星多重面板的高效性，为进一步对 H. nobilis 和 H. molitrix 进行遗传分析提供了实用的工具。