Polymer nanofibers with smooth surface were fabricated via conventional free radical polymerization of diurea type supramolecular gel fibers in cyclohexane. As the solvent polarity by using toluene increased, the product yield and fiber size increased, while the fibers changed from smooth to rough, together with more and more free particles. In the presence of polar methacrylic acid, both rough fibers and free particles were obtained when polymerized in cyclohexane. When nonpolar 2-(perfluoro-3-methylbutyl)ethyl acrylate (R-3420) was used, only polymer fibers with very smooth surface were formed. The morphologies of fluoropolymer samples changed from fibers to particles, while the fiber surface became rougher and rougher, as more and more ethanol was used. The hydrophobic fluoropolymer sample could extract toluene from water-toluene two-phase system. Compared with granular fluoropolymer samples, fibrous fluoropolymer samples displayed higher specific surface area and higher swelling ratio in toluene, and required a shorter time for toluene to flow through them. Graphical abstract

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使用双脲干凝胶纤维作为模板，通过常规自由基聚合控制制备聚合物纳米纤维

通过双脲型超分子凝胶纤维在环己烷中的常规自由基聚合制备具有光滑表面的聚合物纳米纤维。随着甲苯溶剂极性的增加，产品得率和纤维尺寸增加，纤维由光滑变为粗糙，游离颗粒越来越多。在极性甲基丙烯酸存在下，在环己烷中聚合得到粗纤维和游离颗粒。当使用非极性 2-（全氟-3-甲基丁基）乙基丙烯酸酯 (R-3420) 时，只能形成表面非常光滑的聚合物纤维。随着使用的乙醇越来越多，含氟聚合物样品的形态从纤维变为颗粒，而纤维表面变得越来越粗糙。疏水性含氟聚合物样品可以从水-甲苯两相体系中提取甲苯。与粒状含氟聚合物样品相比，纤维状含氟聚合物样品在甲苯中表现出更高的比表面积和更高的溶胀率，并且甲苯流过它们所需的时间更短。图形概要