The antagonistic effect of the isolates of Gliocladium roseum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sordaria fimicola, and their mixtures, at different concentrations against the cereal damping-off pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, was examined in vitro and in vivo (foliar, seed, soil, seed + soil) treatments on the susceptible wheat cultivars “Gun 91 and Sultan 95.” The 3 isolates inhibited growth of F. graminearum at a concentration of 1 × 109 spores/ml with inhibition rates of 84, 88, and 91%, respectively under in vitro conditions. For in vivo assays, the mixture of S. cerevisiae + S. fimicola exhibited a considerable antagonistic activity even at a concentration of 1 × 105 spores/ml. Particularly, at the seed + soil treatment of the mixture, the pathogen was almost completely suppressed with an inhibition rate above 96% at concentrations of 1 × 108 and 1 × 109 spores/ml for both wheat cultivars, and the percentage of emerged seedlings reached nearly 100%. The results verified that the mixture of S. cerevisiae + S. fimicola had a high potential, as a promising biocontrol agents and an eco-friendly alternative, to be used against the cereal damping-off caused by F. graminearum, to reduce the use of systemic fungicides.

中文翻译：

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生物制剂对小麦镰刀菌引起的谷类抑制作用的拮抗作用测定

在体外和体内（体外，体内，叶面，种子，种子，种子+土壤）对易感小麦品种“ Gun 91和Sultan 95”的处理。这三种分离物在体外条件下以1×109孢子/ ml的浓度抑制禾本科镰刀菌的生长，抑制率分别为84、88和91％。对于体内分析，酿酒酵母+金丝酵母的混合物即使在1×105孢子/ ml的浓度下也表现出相当大的拮抗活性。特别是在种子+土壤处理的混合物中，在两种小麦品种中，当浓度分别为1×108和1×109孢子/ ml时，病原体几乎被完全抑制，抑制率达到96％以上，出苗率达到近100％。结果证实，酿酒酵母+金线虫的混合物具有很高的潜力，作为有前途的生物防治剂和生态友好的替代品，可用于对抗禾谷镰刀菌引起的谷物衰减，从而减少使用全身性杀菌剂。