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Protecting biodiversity and economic returns in resource‐rich tropical forests
Conservation Biology ( IF 6.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 , DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13534
James G C Ball 1, 2, 3 , Mark A Burgman 4 , Elizabeth D Goldman 5 , Janeth Lessmann 6, 7
Affiliation  

In pursuit of socioeconomic development, many countries are expanding oil and mineral extraction into tropical forests. These activities seed access to remote, biologically rich areas, thereby endangering global biodiversity. Here we demonstrate that conservation solutions that effectively balance the protection of biodiversity and economic revenues are possible in biologically valuable regions. Using spatial data on oil profits and predicted species and ecosystem extents, we optimise the protection of 741 terrestrial species and 20 ecosystems of the Ecuadorian Amazon, across a range of opportunity costs (i.e. sacrifices of extractive profit). For such an optimisation, giving up 5% of a year's oil profits (US$ 221 million) allows for a protected area network that retains of an average of 65% of the extent of each species/ecosystem. This performance far exceeds that of the network produced by simple land area optimisation which requires a sacrifice of approximately 40% of annual oil profits (US$ 1.7 billion), and uses only marginally less land, to achieve equivalent levels of ecological protection. Applying spatial statistics to remotely sensed, historic deforestation data, we further focus the optimisation to areas most threatened by imminent forest loss. We identify Emergency Conservation Targets: areas that are essential to a cost-effective conservation reserve network and at imminent risk of destruction, thus requiring urgent and effective protection. Governments should employ the methods presented here when considering extractive led development options, to responsibly manage the associated ecological-economic trade-offs and protect natural capital. Article Impact Statement: Governments controlling resource extraction from tropical forests can arrange production and conservation to retain biodiversity and profits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译:

保护资源丰富的热带森林中的生物多样性和经济回报

为了追求社会经济发展,许多国家正在将石油和矿物开采扩大到热带森林。这些活动为进入偏远、生物丰富的地区提供了种子,从而危及全球生物多样性。在这里,我们证明了在具有生物价值的地区有效平衡保护生物多样性和经济收入的保护解决方案是可能的。利用石油利润空间数据以及预测的物种和生态系统范围,我们优化了对厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区 741 种陆地物种和 20 个生态系统的保护,跨越了一系列机会成本(即牺牲采掘利润)。对于这样的优化,放弃 5% 的一年石油利润(2.21 亿美元)允许保护区网络保留每个物种/生态系统平均 65% 的范围。这种性能远远超过了简单的土地面积优化所产生的网络的性能,该网络需要牺牲大约 40% 的年石油利润(17 亿美元),并且仅使用少量的土地,才能达到同等的生态保护水平。将空间统计应用于遥感的历史砍伐数据,我们进一步将优化重点放在受即将到来的森林损失威胁最大的地区。我们确定紧急保护目标:对具有成本效益的保护储备网络至关重要且面临迫在眉睫的破坏风险的区域,因此需要紧急有效的保护。政府在考虑以采掘为主导的开发方案时,应采用此处介绍的方法,负责任地管理相关的生态经济权衡并保护自然资本。文章影响声明:控制热带森林资源开采的政府可以安排生产和保护以保留生物多样性和利润。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
更新日期:2020-08-20
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