Abstract To overcome the low drawability of aluminum alloy sheets at room temperature (RT), a novel deep drawing process at cryogenic temperatures is proposed. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at RT, −130 °C, −150 °C, −160 °C and −196 °C, respectively, and the desired temperature of cryogenic deep drawing was obtained. Based on a newly-designed cryogenic deep drawing system, deep drawing experiments of an Al-Cu-Mn alloy sheet were conducted at different cryogenic temperatures. The material flow, drawing ratio, drawing load, thickness distribution and Vickers microhardness of the drawn cups at both RT and cryogenic temperatures were discussed in detail. It was found that the deep drawability was significantly enhanced as the temperature decreased to −160 °C. The limiting drawing ratio at RT was 1.80, while that at −160 °C increased by 15.6% to 2.08. Similarly, the average cup height (89.5 mm) at −160 °C was found to be 50.2% higher than that at RT (59.6 mm). The cryogenically drawn cups exhibited slight localized thinning, uniform thickness distribution, and a large drawing height and drawing load. In addition, the enhancement of the deep drawability was illuminated via microstructural observations of the fracture morphology and dislocation evolution at cryogenic temperatures.

中文翻译：

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一种新型的低温铝合金板深拉工艺

摘要 为了克服铝合金板在室温（RT）下的拉拔性低的问题，提出了一种新型的低温深拉拔工艺。分别在室温、-130°C、-150°C、-160°C和-196°C下进行单轴拉伸试验，得到所需的低温深拉温度。基于新设计的深冷拉深系统，对Al-Cu-Mn合金薄板进行了不同深冷温度下的深拉深实验。详细讨论了在室温和低温下拉伸杯的材料流动、拉伸比、拉伸载荷、厚度分布和维氏显微硬度。发现随着温度降低到-160°C，深冲性显着提高。室温下的极限拉伸比为 1.80，而在 -160 °C 时的极限拉伸比增加了 15。6% 至 2.08。同样，发现 -160 °C 下的平均杯高 (89.5 mm) 比 RT (59.6 mm) 高 50.2%。低温拉拔杯表现出轻微的局部变薄、均匀的厚度分布、较大的拉拔高度和拉拔载荷。此外，通过对低温下断裂形态和位错演化的微观结构观察，可以说明深冲性的增强。