Beta diversity is a key component of biodiversity with implications ranging from species dynamics to ecosystem functioning. However, β-diversity and its drivers have received little attention, especially for micro-eukaryotes which play key roles in soil functioning. We studied the diversity of soil micro-eukaryotes in a Swiss lowland floodplain using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of soil DNA. We determined the temporal vs. spatial patterns of soil micro-eukaryotic α- and β-diversity in six contrasted habitats sampled over one year. We identified the drivers of these patterns among soil conditions and functions and identified indicator taxa of habitats in each season. We found higher spatial than temporal variability and a strong space-time interaction in soil micro-eukaryotic diversity patterns as well as in their edaphic drivers, which contrasts with previous observation of bacterial diversity patterns. Our results show that, although soil micro-eukaryotic diversity indeed varies seasonally, it is correlated most strongly with edaphic variables and vegetation but the strength of correlations with individual drivers varied seasonally. Microbial diversity patterns and their drivers can thus differ quite substantially among seasons and taxa. Despite the dominance of spatial patterns, the temporal component of microbial diversity should not be ignored to accurately estimate the diversity and the complexity of soil microbial community assembly processes. Given the importance of soil microbial diversity for ecosystem functioning such knowledge is relevant for land management.

Beta多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分，其影响范围从物种动态到生态系统功能。然而，β多样性及其驱动因素很少受到关注，特别是对于在土壤功能中起关键作用的微型真核生物。我们使用土壤DNA的高通量Illumina测序技术研究了瑞士低地洪泛区中土壤微真核生物的多样性。我们确定了时间与。一年中取样的六个对比生境中土壤微真核生物α-和β-多样性的空间格局。我们确定了土壤状况和功能中这些模式的驱动因素，并确定了每个季节的生境指标分类单元。我们发现土壤微-真核生物多样性模式以及它们的水生驱动力中的空间变异性高于时间变异性，并且存在强烈的时空相互作用，这与以前对细菌多样性格局的观察形成了鲜明对比。我们的结果表明，尽管土壤微真核生物多样性的确确随季节变化，但它与水生变量和植被之间的相关性最强，但与各个驱动因子的相关强度却随季节变化。因此，不同季节和分类单元之间的微生物多样性模式及其驱动因素可能会存在很大差异。尽管空间格局占主导地位，但不应忽略微生物多样性的时间成分，以准确估算土壤微生物群落组装过程的多样性和复杂性。考虑到土壤微生物多样性对生态系统功能的重要性，这些知识与土地管理有关。