Fusarium verticillioides is often responsible for contamination of poultry feed with the mycotoxin fumonisin. The objective of the study was to determine whether fumonisin-contaminated feed in the early phase of broiler chicks causes oxidative imbalances and interferes with weight gain. One-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chicks (n = 80) were divided into four treatments of 20 birds each, all of which were fed basal feed until the 11th day of age. From day 12, some birds were challenged with fumonisin in the feed: Control (T0) continued receiving the basal ration; treatments T1, T2, and T3 were given feed experimentally contaminated with fumonisin at concentrations of 2.5 ppm, 5 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively. After the 5th (day 17) and 10th (day 21) days, ten birds from each treatment were euthanized for blood and tissue collection to measure histopathological, biochemical and oxidative stress markers. All animals were weighed individually at the beginning of the experiment (day 12), and at 17 and 21 days of age. Birds that ingested 10 ppm of fumonisin (T3) had lower (P < 0.05) weight gain compared to those in T0. At 21 days, the body weights of the T1, T2 and T3 chicks were 1.3%, 8.97% and 18.7% lower, respectively, than those of T0. No histological lesions in the livers were observed for any treatment; however, higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS: day 21) and lipoperoxidation (LPO: days 17 and 21) were observed, associated with lower liver activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD: day 21), glutathione peroxidase (GPx: day 17 and 21) and glutathione S-transferase (GST: day 21) when birds consumed 5 or 10 ppm of fumonisin. In serum, LPO levels and SOD and GPx activities were lower for groups consuming high doses of fumonisin in the diet (T2 and T3); ROS levels and GST activity were higher in these birds. Birds that consumed fumonisin-containing diets had lower levels of alanine aminotransferase, total protein and albumin (T3); as well as lower serum glucose levels (days 17 and 21), uric acid and triglycerides (day 21) in T3 than in T0. At 21 days, there were smaller crypt sizes and intestinal villi in birds that consumed high levels of fumonisin. These results suggest that fumonisin (10 ppm) in chick diet causes hepatic oxidative stress and impairs intestinal health, consequently negatively affecting weight gain.

中文翻译：

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饲料中含有伏马毒素（Fusarium v​​erticillioides）的饲料对早期肉鸡的致病作用及其对体重增加的影响。

镰刀菌镰刀菌经常造成霉菌毒素伏马菌素污染禽类饲料。该研究的目的是确定在雏鸡早期阶段，伏马菌素污染的饲料是否引起氧化失衡并干扰体重增加。将一天大的Cobb 500羽雄鸡（n = 80）分为4种，每只20只鸡，全部饲喂基础饲料直至11日龄。从第12天开始，一些鸟用饲料中的伏马毒素进行了攻击：对照组（T0）继续接受基础日粮；给处理T1，T2和T3分别喂饲浓度分别为2.5 ppm，5 ppm和10 ppm的伏马菌素经实验污染的饲料。在第5天（第17天）和第10天（第21天）之后，对每种处理的十只鸡实施安乐死以采集血液和组织，以测量组织病理学，生化和氧化应激指标。在实验开始时（第12天）以及17和21天大时分别对所有动物称重。与T0相比，摄入10 ppm伏马菌素（T3）的家禽体重增加较低（P <0.05）。在第21天，T1，T2和T3小鸡的体重分别比T0低1.3％，8.97％和18.7％。任何治疗均未观察到肝脏组织学损伤；然而，观察到较高水平的活性氧（ROS：第21天）和脂过氧化（LPO：第17和21天），这与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD：第21天），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx：第天）的肝脏活性降低有关。 17和21）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST：第21天）时，家禽消耗了5或10 ppm的伏马毒素。在血清中，饮食中高剂量伏马毒素的组（T2和T3）的LPO水平，SOD和GPx活性较低。这些鸟类的ROS水平和GST活性较高。食用含伏马毒素的饲料的鸟类的丙氨酸转氨酶，总蛋白和白蛋白（T3）含量较低；并且T3中的血清葡萄糖水平（第17和21天），尿酸和甘油三酸酯（第21天）低于T0。在第21天时，食用伏马菌素含量高的鸟类的隐窝大小和肠绒毛较小。这些结果表明，鸡饲料中的伏马菌素（10 ppm）会引起肝氧化应激并损害肠道健康，从而对体重增加产生负面影响。饮食中高剂量伏马毒素的组（T2和T3）的LPO水平，SOD和GPx活性较低。这些鸟类的ROS水平和GST活性较高。食用含伏马毒素的饲料的鸟类的丙氨酸转氨酶，总蛋白和白蛋白（T3）含量较低；并且T3中的血清葡萄糖水平（第17和21天），尿酸和甘油三酸酯（第21天）低于T0。在第21天时，食用伏马菌素含量高的家禽的隐窝大小和肠绒毛较小。这些结果表明，鸡饲料中的伏马菌素（10 ppm）会引起肝氧化应激并损害肠道健康，从而对体重增加产生负面影响。饮食中高剂量伏马毒素的组（T2和T3）的LPO水平，SOD和GPx活性较低。这些鸟类的ROS水平和GST活性较高。食用含伏马毒素的饲料的鸟类的丙氨酸转氨酶，总蛋白和白蛋白（T3）含量较低；并且T3中的血清葡萄糖水平（第17和21天），尿酸和甘油三酸酯（第21天）低于T0。在第21天时，食用伏马菌素含量高的鸟类的隐窝大小和肠绒毛较小。这些结果表明，雏鸡日粮中的伏马菌素含量为10 ppm，会引起肝氧化应激并损害肠道健康，从而对体重增加产生负面影响。食用含伏马毒素的饲料的鸟类的丙氨酸转氨酶，总蛋白和白蛋白（T3）含量较低；并且T3中的血清葡萄糖水平（第17和21天），尿酸和甘油三酸酯（第21天）低于T0。在第21天时，食用伏马菌素含量高的鸟类的隐窝大小和肠绒毛较小。这些结果表明，鸡饲料中的伏马菌素（10 ppm）会引起肝氧化应激并损害肠道健康，从而对体重增加产生负面影响。食用含伏马毒素的饲料的鸟类的丙氨酸转氨酶，总蛋白和白蛋白（T3）含量较低；并且T3中的血清葡萄糖水平（第17和21天），尿酸和甘油三酸酯（第21天）低于T0。在第21天时，食用伏马菌素含量高的鸟类的隐窝大小和肠绒毛较小。这些结果表明，鸡饲料中的伏马菌素（10 ppm）会引起肝氧化应激并损害肠道健康，从而对体重增加产生负面影响。