Microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining their host's physiology, development, reproduction, immune system, nutrient metabolism, brain chemistry and its behavior. How the gut microbiota modulates the brain function altering cognitive and fundamental behavior patterns related to specific functional changes is unclear. Recent studies provide holistic approaches which show gut microbiota can greatly sway all aspects of physiology including gut-brain communication, brain function and behavior by establishing a bi-directional link between the gut and brain. Among these studies, to our knowledge, the present review focus on the new mechanistic basis that relates the microbiota of the intestine with diseases of the nervous system causing behavioral alteration in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during development. The current review on microbiota-gut-brain axis communication showed a high instability of the microbiome at early stage of development in zebrafish. Probiotics restore the composition of the gut microbiota by producing neuroactive compounds and introduce beneficial functions to gut microbial communities, resulting in amelioration of gut inflammation and other intestinal disease phenotypes. Therefore, the present review mainly highlights the mechanistic way of gut-brain function, including neuronal, hormonal, immunological signaling with production of bacterial metabolites. This study consider current knowledge that may enable us to increase our understanding to know how the gut microbiota establishes a connection with brain modulating the gut-brain signaling by alteration of the neurochemistry such as GABA and serotonin levels in brain to control host behavior. Further studies are needed to define the exact microbial and host mechanism in GI disease states and functional syndromes.

中文翻译：

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微生物群落调节斑马鱼的大脑功能和行为：一种机械方法。

微生物群在维持宿主的生理，发育，繁殖，免疫系统，营养代谢，脑化学及其行为方面起着至关重要的作用。肠道微生物群如何调节大脑功能，从而改变与特定功能变化有关的认知和基本行为模式。最近的研究提供了整体方法，这些方法表明肠道菌群可以通过在肠道和大脑之间建立双向联系来极大地影响生理学的各个方面，包括肠道-大脑沟通，大脑功能和行为。在这些研究中，就我们所知，本综述着重于将肠道微生物群与导致发育过程中斑马鱼（Danio rerio）行为改变的神经系统疾病相关的新机制基础。目前对微生物群-肠-脑轴通讯的评论表明，斑马鱼在发育的早期阶段，微生物组高度不稳定。益生菌通过产生神经活性化合物来恢复肠道菌群的组成，并将有益功能引入肠道微生物群落，从而改善肠道炎症和其他肠道疾病表型。因此，本综述主要着重于肠道细菌功能的机制，包括产生细菌代谢产物的神经元，激素，免疫信号传导。这项研究考虑了当前的知识，这些知识可能使我们能够加深了解肠道菌群如何通过改变大脑中GABA和血清素水平等神经化学来控制宿主行为，从而与大脑调节肠脑信号建立联系。需要进一步的研究来确定胃肠道疾病状态和功能综合症的确切微生物和宿主机制。