Abstract Commercialization of seafood is one of the most complex food chains at international level and it is therefore one of the food commodities most likely to face challenges related to fraud and authenticity. In this sense, several studies have revealed a high percentage of fraud for species substitution both at retail and food service level worldwide including European Union. Spain is one of the European countries with the highest consumption of fisheries and aquaculture products and it is therefore a very interesting region to evaluate the impact of seafood fraud in food services. The study presented in this paper is the first large-scale attempt to study the rate of seafood fraud in food services across Spain. A total of 313 samples were collected in 204 mass caterer outlets from 15 Spanish Autonomous Communities and successfully sequenced. DNA barcoding revealed that 50 % of the food services establishments sold mislabeled seafood. Dusky grouper and tope shark showed the highest mislabelling percentages ranging from 86 to 100 %. Overall results evidence the complexity of international seafood supply chains supported by the fact that many of the species reported substituting local species, are coming from Asian, South American and South African regions.

中文翻译：

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DNA条形码揭示西班牙食品服务中的海鲜标签错误

摘要 海产品的商业化是国际上最复杂的食物链之一，因此它是最有可能面临欺诈和真实性挑战的食品之一。从这个意义上说，几项研究表明，在包括欧盟在内的全球零售和食品服务层面，物种替代欺诈的比例很高。西班牙是渔业和水产养殖产品消费量最高的欧洲国家之一，因此评估海鲜欺诈对食品服务的影响是一个非常有趣的地区。本文介绍的研究是首次大规模尝试研究西班牙食品服务中的海鲜欺诈率。从 15 个西班牙自治区的 204 家大众餐饮店共采集了 313 个样本，并成功测序。DNA 条形码显示，50% 的食品服务机构出售贴错标签的海鲜。暗斑石斑鱼和大头鲨的误贴率最高，范围从 86% 到 100%。总体结果证明了国际海产品供应链的复杂性，因为据报道，许多替代当地物种的物种来自亚洲、南美和南非地区。