Species conservation efforts are increasingly using genetic diversity and phylogeny to inform policy decisions. Evolutionary distinctiveness (ED), which estimates genetic diversity based on phylogenetic branch lengths and species richness, is commonly used to prioritize species conservation. Large-scale studies of ED in amphibians have reported correlations among threatened status, area of distribution and habitat lost. However, conservation priorities based on ED could be more impactful for clades with high species richness, as well as considering the risk factors associated with species vulnerability in a local setting. We implemented comparative phylogenetic methods and multivariate regression to test the factors influencing species threatened status in a large clade of frogs within the subfamily Hylinae. We present the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the group, including 139 species, 265 individuals, and 12 additional species that were not previously studied. Additional data for each species includes (1) conservation status on the IUCN red list; (2) evolutionary distinctiveness; (3) species distribution in square kilometers; and (4) elevation profiles. Using a Phylogenetic General Linear Model to test the relationships among these variables, we found a significant correlation between threatened status and elevation. The threatened status of species was not correlated with ED or distribution area, which is inconsistent with large-scale studies spanning multiple families. By taking evolutionary history into account and testing for relationships between IUCN threatened status and factors at a regional scale, we provide new information for redirecting tree frog conservation efforts in the Neotropics.

物种保护工作越来越多地利用遗传多样性和系统发育来指导政策决策。进化独特性（ED）可以根据系统发育分支的长度和物种丰富程度来估计遗传多样性，通常被用来优先保护物种。两栖动物中ED的大规模研究报告了受威胁状况，分布面积和栖息地丧失之间的相关性。但是，基于ED的优先保护可能对物种丰富度高的进化枝更具影响力，并考虑到与当地环境中物种脆弱性相关的风险因素。我们实施了比较性的系统发育方法和多元回归，以测试影响Hylinae内大型青蛙进化枝中物种威胁状态的因素。我们介绍了该组中最全面的分子系统发育，包括139个物种，265个个体以及之前未研究的12个其他物种。每个物种的其他数据包括：（1）IUCN红色名录上的保护状态；（2）进化上的独特性；（3）物种分布（平方公里）；（4）高程剖面图。使用系统发育通用线性模型测试这些变量之间的关系，我们发现威胁状态与高度之间存在显着的相关性。物种的受威胁状况与ED或分布区域无关，这与跨越多个科的大规模研究不一致。通过考虑进化史并在区域范围内测试自然保护联盟受威胁状况与因素之间的关系，