Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanosized structures that are secreted by various cells and act as important mediators in intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that exosomes carrying bioactive molecules are generated from multivesicular bodies and are present in various body fluids. mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) are encapsulated in exosomes and have been found to be involved in multiple pathophysiological processes. Here, we provide a review of tumor-associated exosomal mRNAs and miRNAs and their roles in metastasis and drug resistance. In particular, we emphasize their clinical application potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer and in cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

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外泌体mRNA和微小RNA在癌症中的多种作用和临床意义。

细胞外囊泡（EVs）包括外泌体，微囊泡和凋亡小体，是各种细胞分泌的纳米结构，在细胞间通讯中起着重要的中介作用。最近的研究表明，带有生物活性分子的外泌体是从多囊体产生的，并存在于各种体液中。mRNA和microRNA（miRNA）封装在外泌体中，并且发现它们参与了多种病理生理过程。在这里，我们提供了与肿瘤相关的外泌体mRNA和miRNA及其在转移和耐药中的作用的综述。特别是，我们强调其作为癌症和癌症治疗的诊断和预后生物标志物的临床应用潜力。