The stratigraphy at Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria, spans the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition, including an Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) assemblage argued to represent the earliest arrival of Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens in Europe. We applied the latest techniques in 14C dating to an extensive dataset of newly excavated animal and human bones to produce a robust, high-precision radiocarbon chronology for the site. At the base of the stratigraphy, the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) occupation dates to >51,000 yr BP. A chronological gap of over 3,000 years separates the MP occupation from the occupation of the cave by H. sapiens, which extends to 34,000 cal BP. The extensive IUP assemblage, now associated with directly dated H. sapiens fossils at this site, securely dates to 45,820-43,650 cal BP (95.4% probability), probably beginning from 46,940 cal BP (95.4% probability). The results provide chronological context for the early occupation of Europe by Upper Palaeolithic H. sapiens.

中文翻译：

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保加利亚Bacho Kiro洞穴中到上旧石器时代过渡的14C年表。

保加利亚的Bacho Kiro Cave地层跨越了中上古岩统过渡，包括一个最初的上古石统（IUP）组合，该组合被认为代表了欧洲上古石统的最早出现。我们将14C中的最新技术应用于新近挖掘的动物和人类骨骼的广泛数据集，以为该地点提供可靠，高精度的放射性碳年代学。在地层基础上，旧石器时代中期（MP）的占领时期为BP> 51,000年。超过3,000年的时间间隔将MP的占领与H. sapiens的对洞穴的占领分开，后者扩展到34,000 cal BP。现在，该地点广泛的IUP组合与在此地点直接标有日期的智人化石有关，可以确定地追溯到45,820-43,650 cal BP（95.4％的概率），可能始于46，940 cal BP（95.4％概率）。结果为上古石器时代的欧洲人对欧洲的早期占领提供了年代背景。