BACKGROUND The 'classical' concept of species diversity was extended in the last decades into other dimensions focusing on the functional and phylogenetic diversity of communities. These measures are often argued to allow a deeper understanding of the mechanisms shaping community assembly along environmental gradients. Because of practical impediments, thus far only very few studies evaluated the performance of these diversity measures on large empirical data sets. Here, data on species-rich riparian moth communities under different flood regimes and from three different rivers has been used to compare the power of various diversity measures to uncover ecological contrasts. RESULTS Contrary to the expectation, classical metrics of species diversity (Hill numbers N1, N2 and Ninf) and evenness (Buzas-Gibson's E and Pielous's J) turned out to be the most powerful measures in unravelling the two gradients investigated in this study (e.g. flood regime and region). Several measures of functional and phylogenetic diversity tended to depict either only one or none of these contrasts. Rao's Q behaved similarly as species diversity and evenness. NTI and NRI showed a similar pattern among each other but, were different to all the other measures. Functional Divergence also behaved idiosyncratically across the 28 moth communities. The community weighted means of nearly all individual functional traits showed significant ecological patterns, supporting the relevance of the selected traits in shaping assemblage compositions. CONCLUSIONS Species diversity and evenness measures turned out to be the most powerful metrics and clearly reflected both investigated environmental contrasts. This poses the question when it is useful to compile the additional data necessary for the calculation of additional diversity measures, since assembling trait bases and community phylogenies often requires a high work load. Apart from these methodological issues, most of the diversity measures related to communities of terrestrial insects like moths increased in forests that still are subject to flooding dynamics. This emphasizes the high conservation value of riparian forests and the importance of keeping and restoring river dynamics as a means of fostering also terrestrial biodiversity in floodplain areas.

中文翻译：

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生态对比的三位一体：以物种，功能和系统发育多样性措施为依据的丰富昆虫组合的案例研究。

背景技术物种多样性的“经典”概念在最近几十年中扩展到关注社区功能和系统发育多样性的其他维度。人们经常争辩说这些措施是为了让人们更深入地了解沿着环境梯度塑造社区集会的机制。由于实际的障碍，到目前为止，只有极少数的研究评估了这些多样性指标在大型经验数据集上的表现。在这里，有关来自不同洪水制度和来自三个不同河流的物种丰富的河岸飞蛾群落的数据已用于比较各种多样性措施的功效，以揭示生态差异。结果与预期相反，经典的物种多样性度量标准（山数N1，N2和Ninf）和均匀性（Buzas-Gibson's E和Pielous' s J）被证明是最有力的措施，它可以用来弄清本研究中所研究的两个梯度（例如洪水状况和地区）。功能和系统发育多样性的几种测量方法倾向于仅描述这些对比中的一种或不进行对比。饶氏Q的表现与物种多样性和均匀性相似。NTI和NRI在彼此之间显示出相似的模式，但是与所有其他度量均不同。在28个飞蛾群落中，功能差异也表现得特质。几乎所有个体功能性状的社区加权平均值均显示出显着的生态格局，从而支持了选定性状在塑造组合物组成方面的相关性。结论事实证明，物种多样性和均匀度衡量是最有力的衡量标准，并且清楚地反映了这两个调查过的环境对比。这就提出了一个问题，即何时有必要收集用于计算其他多样性措施所需的其他数据，因为组装性状基础和社区系统发育通常需要很高的工作量。除了这些方法论问题外，大多数多样性措施都与森林昆虫（如飞蛾）的群落有关，而森林中仍存在着洪水泛滥的现象。这强调了河岸带森林的高保护价值，以及保持和恢复河流动态作为在洪泛区也培育陆地生物多样性的一种手段的重要性。这就提出了一个问题，即何时有必要汇编用于计算其他多样性测度的必要附加数据，因为组装特征基础和社区系统发育通常需要很高的工作量。除了这些方法论问题外，大多数多样性措施都与森林昆虫（如飞蛾）的群落有关，而森林中仍然存在着洪水泛滥的现象。这强调了河岸森林的高保护价值，以及保持和恢复河流动态作为在洪泛区也培育陆地生物多样性的一种手段的重要性。这就提出了一个问题，即何时有必要收集用于计算其他多样性措施所需的其他数据，因为组装性状基础和社区系统发育通常需要很高的工作量。除了这些方法论问题外，大多数多样性措施都与森林昆虫（如飞蛾）的群落有关，而森林中仍然存在着洪水泛滥的现象。这强调了河岸森林的高保护价值，以及保持和恢复河流动态作为在洪泛区也培育陆地生物多样性的一种手段的重要性。大多数多样性措施都与陆生昆虫群落（如飞蛾）有关，而这些飞蛾在仍受洪水动态影响的森林中增加了。这强调了河岸森林的高保护价值，以及保持和恢复河流动态作为在洪泛区也培育陆地生物多样性的一种手段的重要性。大多数多样性措施都与陆生昆虫群落（如飞蛾）有关，而这些飞蛾在仍受洪水动态影响的森林中增加了。这强调了河岸带森林的高保护价值，以及保持和恢复河流动态作为在洪泛区也培育陆地生物多样性的一种手段的重要性。