Lung cancer shows the highest incidence rate in the world. Thus, it has become increasingly important to find therapeutic drugs to treat lung cancer. Farfarae Flos (FF) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat pulmonary diseases such as cough, bronchitis and asthmatic disorders. In this study, the anti‐proliferation effects of petroleum extracts of FF (PEFF) on Lewis lung cancer cells and the corresponding mechanisms were studied using cell metabolomics. Fifteen differential metabolites in the cell extracts and the corresponding medium related to the anti‐proliferation effect of PEFF were identified, which were probably involved in pyruvate metabolism and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. For the cellular uptake compounds in PEFF, six metabolites derived from two prototype compounds were also tentatively identified by UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap high‐resolution MS. Network pharmacology analysis demonstrated that the anti‐proliferation mechanism of PEFF was also probably related to the target genes, including, Aurora‐A, glutathione S‐transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S‐transferase P 1 (GSTP1), progesterone receptor and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and further associated with the proteoglycans and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis provided a holistic method to investigate the anti‐proliferation mechanisms of PEFF. However, further studies were still needed to validate the potential target genes, pathways and active compounds in PEFF.

中文翻译：

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通过代谢组学和网络药理学分析揭示法呢属石油提取物对Lewis肺癌的抗癌机制。

肺癌是世界上发病率最高的疾病。因此，寻找治疗肺癌的治疗药物变得越来越重要。Farfarae Flos（FF）已在传统中药中用于治疗肺部疾病，例如咳嗽，支气管炎和哮喘病。在这项研究中，使用细胞代谢组学研究了FF石油提取物（PEFF）对Lewis肺癌细胞的抗增殖作用及其相应的机制。在细胞提取物中发现了15种差异代谢物以及与PEFF的抗增殖作用有关的相应培养基，这些代谢物可能与丙酮酸代谢以及甘氨酸，丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢有关。对于PEFF中的细胞摄取化合物，UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap高分辨率质谱仪还初步鉴定了源自两种原型化合物的六种代谢物。网络药理分析表明，PEFF的抗增殖机制也可能与靶基因有关，包括Aurora-A，谷胱甘肽S转移酶Mu 1（GSTM1），谷胱甘肽S转移酶P 1（GSTP1），孕激素受体和血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1），并进一步与蛋白聚糖和PI3K / Akt信号通路相关。细胞代谢组学和网络药理学分析为研究PEFF的抗增殖机制提供了一种整体方法。但是，仍然需要进一步的研究来验证PEFF中潜在的靶基因，途径和活性化合物。