This study aimed at exploring droppings of animals living in captivity in the zoological garden (Zoo) of Lille (France), as novel sources of bacteriocinogenic strains. A collection of 295 bacterial isolates was constituted from droppings of capybara, alpaca, muntjac, zebra, tapir, rhinoceros, binturong, armadillo, saki monkey and cockatoo. Of 295 isolates, 51 exhibited antagonism against a panel of pathogenic target bacteria like Escherichia coli MC4100, Clostridium perfringens DSM 756 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Newport ATCC6962. Remarkably, within this collection, only 2 Gram-negative bacilli exhibited activity against E. coli MC4100 strain used as target organism. Then, the 16S rDNA sequencing revealed these thereafter cited species, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella cibaria, E. coli, Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus faecalis. Characterization of this antagonism has revealed 11 strains able producing extracellular protease-sensitive inhibitory compounds. These strains included E. coli ICVB442 and ICVB443, Ent. faecalis ICVB472, ICVB474, ICVB477 ICVB479, ICVB481, ICVB497 and ICVB501 and Ped. pentosaceus ICVB491 and ICVB492. The genomes of the 5 most promising bacteriocinogenic strains were sequenced and analysed with Bagel4 software. Afterwards, this bioinformatics analysis permitted to locate genes encoding bacteriocins like colicin Y (E. coli), enterocin 1071A, enterocin 107 B (Ent. faecalis) and penocin A (Ped. pentosaceus), associating the above-mentioned antibacterial activity of proteinaceous nature to possible production of bacteriocins. All these results enabled us to select different bacteriocinogenic strains for a further characterization in terms of beneficial traits.

中文翻译：

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从法国里尔动物园的动物粪便中分离出的新型致细菌菌株的生物多样性和亲缘关系。

这项研究的目的是探索在里尔（法国）的动物园（Zoo）内被圈养的动物的粪便，作为细菌致病菌株的新来源。从水豚，羊驼，蒙特卡克，斑马，tap，犀牛，宾图龙，犰狳，猴和美冠鹦鹉的粪便中组成295种细菌分离株。在295个分离物中，有51个对一组致病性靶标细菌（例如大肠杆菌MC4100，产气荚膜梭状芽胞杆菌DSM 756和肠炎沙门氏菌）表现出拮抗作用。enterica Newport ATCC6962。值得注意的是，在该收集物中，只有2株革兰氏阴性杆菌对用作目标生物的大肠杆菌MC4100菌株表现出活性。然后，通过16S rDNA测序揭示了这些后来引用的物种，即戊糖戊球菌，魏氏菌，大肠杆菌，罗伊氏乳杆菌，平肠肠球菌和粪肠球菌。这种拮抗作用的表征揭示了11种能够产生细胞外蛋白酶敏感性抑制化合物的菌株。这些菌株包括大肠杆菌ICVB442和ICVB443，Ent。粪便ICVB472，ICVB474，ICVB477，ICVB479，ICVB481，ICVB497，ICVB501和Ped。戊糖纲ICVB491和ICVB492。对5个最有希望的致细菌菌株的基因组进行了测序，并使用Bagel4软件进行了分析。之后，通过这种生物信息学分析，可以定位编码细菌素的基因，如大肠菌素Y（E. coli），肠菌素1071A，肠菌素107 B（Ent。faecalis）和青霉素A（Ped。pentosaceus），从而实现了上述蛋白质性质的抗菌活性可能产生细菌素。