Event-related potentials (ERPs) are obtained from the electroencephalogram (EEG) or the magnetoencephalogram (MEG, event-related fields (ERF)), extracting the activity that is time-locked to an event. Despite the potential utility of ERP/ERF in cognitive domain, the clinical standardization of their use is presently undefined for most of procedures. The aim of the present review is to establish limits and reliability of ERP medical application, summarize main methodological issues, and present evidence of clinical application and future improvement. The present section of the review focuses on well-standardized ERP methods, including P300, Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), Mismatch Negativity (MMN), and N400, with a chapter dedicated to laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). One section is dedicated to proactive preparatory brain activity as the Bereitschaftspotential and the prefrontal negativity (BP and pN). The P300 and the MMN potentials have a limited but recognized role in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and consciousness disorders. LEPs have a well-documented usefulness in the diagnosis of neuropathic pain, with low application in clinical assessment of psychophysiological basis of pain. The other ERP components mentioned here, though largely applied in normal and pathological cases and well standardized, are still confined to the research field. CNV, BP, and pN deserve to be largely tested in movement disorders, just to explain possible functional changes in motor preparation circuits subtending different clinical pictures and responses to treatments.

中文翻译：

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事件相关电位对大脑功能分析的影响：意大利心理生理学和认知神经科学协会对方法学限制和临床可靠性的叙述性回顾（第一部分）。

从脑电图（EEG）或磁脑图（MEG，事件相关场（ERF））获得事件相关电位（ERP），提取与事件锁定的活动。尽管ERP / ERF在认知领域具有潜在的用途，但目前对于大多数手术尚不确定其使用的临床标准化。本文的目的是确定ERP医疗应用的局限性和可靠性，总结主要的方法论问题，并提供临床应用和未来改进的证据。审查的本节重点介绍标准化的ERP方法，包括P300，或有负变异（CNV），失配负性（MMN）和N400，其中一章专门介绍激光诱发电位（LEP）。一节专门介绍了积极的预备性大脑活动，如Bereitschaftspotential和前额叶阴性（BP和pN）。P300和MMN的潜力在认知障碍和意识障碍的诊断中具有有限但公认的作用。LEPs在神经性疼痛的诊断中有充分的记录，在临床上评估疼痛的心理生理学基础的应用很少。这里提到的其他ERP组件，尽管已广泛应用于正常和病理情况，并且标准化程度很高，但仍仅限于研究领域。CNV，BP和pN值得在运动障碍中进行大量测试，只是为了解释运动准备电路中可能发生的功能变化，这些变化可能伴随着不同的临床表现和对治疗的反应。