The production of blueberry in Peru has been increasing over the last years. Dieback and stem blight of plants are the most prominent disease symptoms observed in blueberry orchards. This study evaluated the diversity and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia and Neopestalotiopsis species associated with dieback of blueberry plants in Peru. A collection of isolates was initially subjected to Microsatellite-primed PCR (MSP-PCR) fingerprinting and further characterised by sequence analyses of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) and β-tubulin (tub2). The phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. laeliocattleyae and Neopestalotiopsis rosae. Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae and N. rosae are reported for the first time in blueberry plants associated with dieback and stem blight symptoms. Additionally, N. rosae is newly reported from Peru. Inoculation trials of blueberry plants confirmed the pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia and Neopestalotiopsis species and revealed differences in aggressiveness among species and isolates.

过去几年里，秘鲁的蓝莓产量一直在增长。植物的死皮和枯萎病是在蓝莓园中观察到的最突出的疾病症状。这项研究评估了秘鲁蓝莓植物的枯萎相关的Lasiodiplodia和Neopestalotiopsis物种的多样性和致病性。首先对分离物的集合进行微卫星引物PCR（MSP-PCR）指纹分析，然后进一步通过对rDNA内部转录间隔区（ITS），翻译延伸因子1-alpha（tef1-α）和β-微管蛋白的序列分析进行表征（tub2）。系统发育分析表明，存在的Lasiodiplodia theobromae，L. laeliocattleyae和玫瑰新锈菌。蓝莓植物中的Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae和rosae首次被报道与枯萎和茎枯病症状有关。此外，秘鲁新报道了蔷薇猪笼草。蓝莓植物的接种试验证实了Lasiodiplodia和Neopestalotiopsis物种的致病性，并揭示了物种和分离株之间侵略性的差异。