Synthetic dimensions provide a promising platform for photonic quantum simulations. Manipulating the flow of photons in these dimensions requires an electric field. However, photons do not have charge and do not directly interact with electric fields. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed to realize electric fields in photonics. One approach is to use engineered gauge fields that can mimic the effect of electric fields and produce the same dynamical behavior. Here, we demonstrate such an electric field for photons propagating in a two-dimensional synthetic space. Generation of electric fields in a two-dimensional synthetic lattice provides the possibility to guide photons and to trap them through the creation of quantum confined structures. We achieve this using a linearly time-varying gauge field generated by direction-dependent phase modulations. We show that the generated electric field leads to Bloch oscillations and the revival of the state after a certain number of steps dependent on the field strength. We measure the probability of the revival and demonstrate a good agreement between the observed values and the theoretically predicted results. Furthermore, by applying a nonuniform electric field, we show the possibility of waveguiding photons. Ultimately, our results open up new opportunities for manipulating the propagation of photons with potential applications in photonic quantum simulations.

中文翻译：

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使用电场在二维合成空间中引导和限制光

合成尺寸为光子量子模拟提供了一个有前途的平台。在这些维度上操纵光子流需要电场。但是，光子不带电荷，也不直接与电场相互作用。因此，需要替代方法来实现光子学中的电场。一种方法是使用工程仪表场，该仪表场可以模拟电场的作用并产生相同的动力学行为。在这里，我们证明了这样一种电场，它在二维合成空间中传播。二维合成晶格中电场的产生提供了通过形成量子约束结构来引导光子并捕获光子的可能性。我们使用由与方向相关的相位调制生成的线性时变规范场来实现这一点。我们表明，在取决于电场强度的一定数量的步骤之后，所产生的电场会导致布洛赫振荡和状态的恢复。我们测量了复苏的可能性，并证明了观测值与理论预测结果之间的良好一致性。此外，通过施加不均匀的电场，我们展示了波导光子的可能性。最终，我们的结果为操纵光子的传播开辟了新的机会，并有可能在光子量子模拟中应用。我们测量了复苏的可能性，并证明了观测值与理论预测结果之间的良好一致性。此外，通过施加不均匀的电场，我们展示了波导光子的可能性。最终，我们的结果为操纵光子的传播开辟了新的机会，并有可能在光子量子模拟中应用。我们测量了复苏的可能性，并证明了观测值与理论预测结果之间的良好一致性。此外，通过施加不均匀的电场，我们展示了波导光子的可能性。最终，我们的结果为操纵光子的传播开辟了新的机会，并有可能在光子量子模拟中应用。