Abstract Aggressive behavior in the face‐to‐face and cyber contexts is driven by underlying aggression (i.e., functions of aggressive behavior). Common theories of aggression distinguish between reactive (e.g., rage) and proactive (e.g., seeking to achieve power and affiliation) aggression. However, according to the quadripartite violence typology, this distinction conflates aspects of motivational valence with self‐regulatory processes. The Cyber‐Aggression Typology Questionnaire (CATQ; Runions et al., 2017, Aggress Behav, 43(1), pp. 74–84) overcomes this weakness by identifying four types of cyber‐aggression (impulsive‐aversive/rage, controlled‐aversive/revenge, controlled‐appetitive/reward, and impulsive‐appetitive/recreation cyber‐aggression). However, the CATQ only considers aggression in cyberspace. We extended the CATQ to the face‐to‐face context by developing a corresponding Face‐to‐Face Aggression Typology Questionnaire (FATQ). The aim of this study was to investigate factorial and convergent validity and metric measurement invariance between four‐factorial cyber and face‐to‐face aggression. In total, 587 students from six Austrian universities filled out the CATQ, the FATQ, and additional scales during regular university lectures to examine convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the four‐factor structure of both questionnaires, after excluding inconclusive items from the impulsive‐aversive/rage subscale of the FATQ. These items were also removed from the CATQ to obtain two symmetric questionnaires. Metric measurement invariance between the CATQ and the FATQ was confirmed. Convergent validity was largely observed. Our results support an extended four‐factor model of aggression. Having two parallel questionnaires, the FATQ and CATQ, enables future studies to investigate commonalities and differences in underlying drivers of aggressive behavior in the cyber and face‐to‐face contexts.

中文翻译：

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一种调查面对面和网络环境中攻击行为不同功能的工具：扩展网络攻击类型问卷

摘要 面对面和网络环境中的攻击性行为是由潜在的攻击性（即攻击性行为的功能）驱动的。常见的侵略理论区分反应性（例如，愤怒）和主动（例如，寻求获得权力和从属关系）侵略。然而，根据四方暴力类型学，这种区别将动机效价的各个方面与自我调节过程混为一谈。网络攻击类型问卷 (CATQ; Runions 等人, 2017, Aggress Behav, 43(1), pp. 74–84) 通过识别四种类型的网络攻击（冲动-厌恶/愤怒、控制-厌恶/报复、控制食欲/奖励和冲动食欲/娱乐网络攻击）。然而，CATQ 只考虑网络空间的侵略。我们通过开发相应的面对面攻击类型问卷 (FATQ) 将 CATQ 扩展到面对面的上下文。本研究的目的是调查四因素网络攻击和面对面攻击之间的因子和收敛效度以及度量测量不变性。总共有来自六所奥地利大学的 587 名学生在常规大学讲座期间填写了 CATQ、FATQ 和其他量表，以检查收敛效度。在从 FATQ 的冲动-厌恶/愤怒分量表中排除不确定项目后，验证性因素分析支持两个问卷的四因素结构。这些项目也从 CATQ 中删除以获得两个对称问卷。CATQ 和 FATQ 之间的度量测量不变性得到确认。在很大程度上观察到收敛效度。我们的结果支持扩展的四因素攻击模型。拥有两个平行问卷，即 FATQ 和 CATQ，使未来的研究能够调查网络和面对面环境中攻击行为的潜在驱动因素的共性和差异。