Assessing oxidative stress in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus): Associations with mercury and selenium concentrations.,Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C: Toxicology & Pharmacology

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Assessing oxidative stress in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus): Associations with mercury and selenium concentrations.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C: Toxicology & Pharmacology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108786
Marianne Lian ₁ , J Margaret Castellini ₂ , Thomas Kuhn ₃ , Lorrie Rea ₄ , Louise Bishop ₅ , Mandy Keogh ₆ , Stephanie N Kennedy ₇ , Brian Fadely ₈ , Edwin van Wijngaarden ₉ , John M Maniscalco ₁₀ , Todd O'Hara ₁₁

Affiliation

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2141 Koyokuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7750, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Dr Rm. 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2141 Koyokuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7750, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Dr Rm. 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA.
Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2090 Koyokuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
Division of Wildlife Conservation, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, P.O. Box 110024, Douglas, AK 99811-0024, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 900 Yukon Dr Rm. 194, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160, USA; Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave. Enders 6th Floor, RM 650, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Alaska SeaLife Center, 301 Railway Avenue, P.O. Box 1329, Seward, AK 99664, USA.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2141 Koyokuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7750, USA; Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

Selenium (Se) bioavailability is required for synthesis and function of essential Se-dependent antioxidants, including the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Strong interactions between monomethyl mercury and Se impair the critical antioxidant role of Se. Approximately 20% of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus, SSL) pups sampled in the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, had total Hg concentrations ([THg]) measured in hair and whole blood above thresholds of concern for adverse physiologic effects in pinnipeds. Importantly, low molar ratios of TSe:THg, in some cases < 1 in several tissues (hair, liver, pelt, muscle, spleen, intestine, heart, lungs, brain) were documented for one SSL pup with [THg] above threshold of concern, which may lead to antioxidant deficiency. Our aim with this study was to evaluate the relationship between circulating [THg], [MeHg+], [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratio status relative to oxidative stress and antioxidants measured during general anesthesia in free-ranging SSL. We captured, anesthetized and sampled newborn SSL pups at rookeries located in the Aleutian Islands or Gulf of Alaska. Biomarkers analyzed for oxidative stress included 4-hydroxynenonal and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (4-HNE and TBARS, respectively, lipid peroxidation), protein carbonyl content (PCC, protein oxidation), and GPx activity as a key indicator for Se-dependent antioxidant defense levels. We found a negative association between TBARS and [TSe], and SSL with low [TSe] had higher concentrations of 4-HNE than those with intermediate [TSe]. These results suggest that SSL with lower [TSe] experience increased lipid peroxidation potentially associated with [THg] status.

中文翻译：

评估斯特勒海狮（Eumetopias jubatus）的氧化应激：与汞和硒浓度的关联。

硒（Se）的生物利用度是必需的硒依赖性抗氧化剂（包括谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx））的合成和功能所必需的。单甲基汞与硒之间的强相互作用削弱了硒的关键抗氧化作用。在阿拉斯加西部阿留申群岛上采样的大约20％的斯特勒海狮幼崽，其头发和全血中的总Hg浓度（[THg]）高于关注在钳夹中的不良生理效应阈值。重要的是，对于一只SSL幼犬，其[THg]高于阈值的阈值，在某些组织（头发，肝脏，兽皮，肌肉，脾脏，肠，心脏，肺，脑）中，TSe：THg的摩尔比低，在某些情况下<1。关注，这可能导致抗氧化剂缺乏。我们这项研究的目的是评估在自由麻醉的SSL中，全身麻醉期间测得的循环[THg]，[MeHg +]，[TSe]和TSe：THg摩尔比状态相对于氧化应激和抗氧化剂的关系。我们在位于阿留申群岛或阿拉斯加湾的群中捕获，麻醉和采样了新生SSL幼崽。分析氧化应激的生物标志物包括4-羟基壬醛和硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（分别为4-HNE和TBARS，脂质过氧化），蛋白质羰基含量（PCC，蛋白质氧化）和GPx活性作为Se依赖性抗氧化剂防御的关键指标水平。我们发现TBARS与[TSe]之间存在负相关关系，[TSe]较低的SSL的4-HNE浓度高于[TSe]中间的SSL。

更新日期：2020-05-08

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