The growing number of various diseases and the increase of environmental contamination are the causes for the development of novel methods for their detection. The possibility of the application of affinity-based biosensors for such purposes seems particularly promising as they provide high selectivity and low detection limits. Recently, the usage of hybrid antibody–aptamer sandwich constructs was shown to be more advantageous in terms of working parameters in comparison to aptamer-based and immune-based biosensors. This review is focused on the usage of hybrid antibody–aptamer receptor layers for the determination of clinically and environmentally important target molecules. In this work, antibodies and aptamer molecules are characterized and the methods of their immobilization as well as analytical signal generation are shown. This is followed by the critical presentation of examples of hybrid sandwich biosensors that have been elaborated in the past 12 years.

中文翻译：

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抗体-适体混合生物传感器在临床诊断和环境分析中的应用。

各种疾病的增加和环境污染的增加是开发新的检测方法的原因。将基于亲和力的生物传感器用于此类目的的可能性似乎特别有前途，因为它们提供了高选择性和低检测限。最近，与基于适体和基于免疫的生物传感器相比，使用杂交抗体-适体夹心构建体在工作参数方面显示出更多优势。这篇综述着重于杂交抗体-适体受体层在确定临床和环境上重要的靶分子方面的用途。在这项工作中，对抗体和适体分子进行了表征，并显示了它们的固定方法以及分析信号的产生。