The inability to scale is one of the most concerning problems looming in blockchain systems, where every node has to store all contents of the ledger database locally, leading to centralization and higher operation costs. In this paper, we propose a model named virtual block group (VBG), which aims at addressing the node storage scalability problem. Adopting the VBG model, each node only needs to store part of block data and saves the VBG storage index to distributed hash table by taking block data as a resource, thus improving the query efficiency of block data. With the incentive mechanism of block data storage, and the storage verification and audit mechanism of block data, the security and reliability of block data storage can be ensured. The analysis and calculation show that this model saves hard drive storage space of the node to a greater extent with a shorter time of requesting block data, in the premise of ensuring secure and reliable block data. Compared to other technologies such as sharding, our model does not change the consensus mechanism or the network topology and retains the reliability and security of the original blockchain system.

中文翻译：

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虚拟块组：具有部分节点存储和分布式哈希表的可扩展块链模型

无法扩展是区块链系统中最令人担忧的问题之一，在该系统中，每个节点都必须在本地存储分类帐数据库的所有内容，从而导致集中化和更高的运营成本。在本文中，我们提出了一个名为虚拟块组（VBG）的模型，旨在解决节点存储可伸缩性问题。采用VBG模型，每个节点只需要存储一部分块数据，并以块数据为资源将VBG存储索引保存到分布式哈希表中，从而提高了块数据的查询效率。利用块数据存储的激励机制，以及块数据的存储验证和审核机制，可以保证块数据存储的安全性和可靠性。分析计算表明，该模型在保证块数据安全可靠的前提下，可以在更短的时间内请求块数据，从而最大程度地节省了节点的硬盘存储空间。与分片等其他技术相比，我们的模型不会改变共识机制或网络拓扑，并保留了原始区块链系统的可靠性和安全性。