The spark plasma sinterability and the dry sliding-wear resistance of ultrafine-grained WC densified with ~16.7 vol% of Co, Co+Ni, and Co+Ni+Cr, compositions equivalent to that of the typical WC-10wt.%Co, were investigated and compared critically. Firstly, it was found that the partial substitutions of Co by Ni or by Ni+Cr are detrimental for the pressureless ultrafast sinterability, but much more in the latter than the former case, attributable to the higher eutectic temperatures during liquid-phase sintering. However, it was also observed that, thanks to the auxiliary stress supplementing the sintering stresses, the ultrafast sinterability with pressure is affected by these partial substitutions either not at all (Co by Ni) or very little (Co by Ni+Cr), making it possible in all cases to obtain fully-dense WC cermets with almost no grain growth at the same spark plasma sintering temperature. And secondly, it was found that these cemented carbides are very resistant to dry sliding wear, but that WC-(Co+Ni+Cr) is markedly more so, attributable essentially to its greater hardness. This is due to wear occurring essentially by two-body abrasion dominated by plastic deformation (ploughing), plus some oxidative wear with formation of tribo-oxidation layers that, although not entirely coherent, are nonetheless beneficial for the wear resistance.

用约16.7％（体积）的Co，Co + Ni和Co + Ni + Cr（其成分与典型的WC-10wt。％Co的成分相同）致密的超细颗粒WC的火花等离子体烧结性和耐干滑磨损性，进行了严格的调查和比较。首先，发现Ni被Ni或Ni + Cr部分取代对于无压超快烧结性是有害的，但是在后者中比前者更多，这归因于液相烧结期间的高共晶温度。但是，还观察到，由于辅助应力补充了烧结应力，这些压力的超快烧结性受这些部分取代的影响（完全没有（由Ni构成的Co）或很少（由Ni + Cr构成的Co）），使得在所有情况下，在相同的火花等离子体烧结温度下获得几乎没有晶粒生长的全密实碳化钨金属陶瓷成为可能。其次，发现这些硬质合金非常耐干滑​​动磨损，但WC-（Co + Ni + Cr）明显更强，这主要归因于其更高的硬度。这是由于磨损主要发生在以塑性变形（耕作）为主的两体磨损的基础上，再加上一些氧化磨损并形成摩擦氧化层，尽管摩擦磨损层并不完全连贯，但仍对耐磨性有利。