Aspergillus is a fungal genus that strongly affects health of humans, animals, and plants worldwide. Endophytes are now widely considered as a rich source of bioproducts with potential uses in medicine, agriculture, and bioindustry. Cupressaceae plant family hosts a variety of bioactive ascomycetous endophytes. In this study, antifungal activity of a number of such endophytes were investigated against human pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. To this end, 16 superior bioactive endophytic fungi from Cupressaceae were used, including Alternaria alternata, Alternaria pellucida, Ascorhizoctonia sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aurobasidium sp., Cladosporium porophorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium viridicatum, Phoma herbarum, Phoma sp., Pyrenochaeta sp., Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma koningii. In vitro bioassays indicated anti-Asperilli activity of the endophytic fungi in dual cultures. Most notably, Trichoderma koningii CSE₃₂ and Trichoderma atroviride JCE₃₃ showed complete growth inhibition of both A. niger and A. fumigatus, within 3 to 7 days. Also, volatile compouds (VOCs) of T. koningii CSE₃₂ and T. atroviride JCE₃₃ exhibited 33-100% growth inhibition of A. niger, whithin 3 days. Moreover, on the day 7, growth of A. niger was less affected than that of A. fumigatus. In general, it appears that there is a direct relationship between the exposure time and the inhibitory activity of endophytes VOCs on the growth of target Aspergillus species. Furthremore, the extracellular secondary metabolites (SMs) of four selected fungal endophytes exhibited anti-Aspergillus activity at all treatment levels as shown by Agar-diffusion assay. SMs from T. koningii CSE₃₂ and Pyrenochaeta CSE₁₃₄ showed strongest activities against A. niger, and SMs from T. koningii CSE₃₂ and F. oxysporum CAE₁₄ showed strongest activities against A. fumigatus. In conclusion, given the globally recognized issue of antibiotic resistance and the urge to discover new antimicrobial substances, our findings provide new insights into the potential use of Cupressaceae's endophytic fungi in antifungal-based drug discovery programs.

曲霉属是一种真菌属，会强烈影响全世界人类，动物和植物的健康。内生植物现已被广泛认为是生物产品的丰富来源，在医学，农业和生物工业中都有潜在用途。柏科植物家族寄居着多种具有生物活性的子囊内生菌。在这项研究中，研究了许多这样的内生真菌对人类病原真菌烟曲霉和黑曲霉的抗真菌活性。为此，使用了来自柏科的16种优良的具有生物活性的内生真菌，包括链格孢菌，链格孢菌，Ascorhizoctonia sp。，烟曲霉，黑曲霉，古猿属。，Cladosporium porophorum，尖镰孢，青霉青霉，Phoma herbarum，Phoma sp。，Pyrenochaeta sp。，木霉木霉，木霉木霉和康宁木霉。体外生物测定表明双重培养物中内生真菌的抗曲霉活性。最值得注意的是，康宁木霉CSE ₃₂和木霉木霉JCE ₃₃在3至7天内显示出对黑曲霉和烟曲霉的完全生长抑制。此外，康宁球菌CSE ₃₂和阿托韦罗德JCE的挥发性化合物（VOC）₃₃在3天中表现出对黑曲霉的33-100 ％的生长抑制。此外，在第7天，黑曲霉的生长受到的影响小于烟曲霉的生长。通常，似乎暴露时间与内生菌VOC对目标曲霉菌种生长的抑制活性之间存在直接关系。此外，如琼脂扩散试验所示，四种选择的真菌内生菌的细胞外二级代谢产物（SMs）在所有处理水平上均表现出抗曲霉活性。短信从T.康宁木霉CSE ₃₂和棘壳CSE ₁₃₄表现出最强的抗黑曲霉活性，来自康宁单胞菌CSE ₃₂和尖孢曲霉CAE _14的SM表现出最强的抗烟曲霉活性。总之，鉴于全球公认的抗生素耐药性问题和发现新的抗菌物质的冲动，我们的发现为基于柏科的内生真菌在基于抗真菌剂的药物发现计划中的潜在用途提供了新的见解。