Background Stalk lodging (breaking of plant stems prior to harvest) is a major impediment to increasing agricultural yields of grain crops. Rind puncture resistance is commonly used to predict the lodging resistance of several crop species. However, there exist no standard operating procedures or suggested protocols for conducting rind penetration experiments. In addition, experimental details of rind penetration tests such as the shape and size of the penetrating probe are rarely reported in the literature. This has prevented meta-analysis of results and has likewise prevented key findings of past studies from being replicated. As a first step towards establishing an agreed upon measurement standard for rind puncture resistance this study investigates the effect of the puncturing probe's geometry on test results. Results Results demonstrate that probe geometry has a significant impact on test results. In particular, results showed that a 2 mm diameter chamfered probe produced stronger correlations with stalk bending strength than a 1.5 mm diameter pointed probe. The chamfered probe was also more strongly correlated with geometric features of the stalk that are known to influence stalk lodging resistance (e.g., rind thickness, diameter and section modulus). In addition, several alternative rind penetration metrics were investigated, and some were found to be superior to the most common rind penetration metric of maximum load. Conclusions There is a need in the agricultural and plant science community to create agreed-upon operating procedures and testing standards related to mechanical traits of plant stems. In particular, a standardized probe geometry and insertion rate for rind penetration studies are needed to enable greater interoperability and meta-analysis of results. Probe shape and size should be reported in any study conducting rind penetration tests as these factors significantly impact test results.

中文翻译：

---

探针几何形状对玉米秸秆外皮抗穿刺性测试的影响。

背景 茎倒伏（收获前植物茎的折断）是提高粮食作物农业产量的主要障碍。果皮抗穿刺性通常用于预测几种作物的抗倒伏性。然而，不存在用于进行外皮穿透实验的标准操作程序或建议的协议。此外，文献中很少报道皮肤穿透测试的实验细节，例如穿透探针的形状和尺寸。这阻止了对结果的荟萃分析，同样阻止了过去研究的关键发现被复制。作为建立公认的外皮抗穿刺性测量标准的第一步，本研究调查了穿刺探针的几何形状对测试结果的影响。结果 结果表明，探头几何形状对测试结果有重大影响。特别是，结果表明，与直径为 1.5 mm 的尖头探针相比，直径为 2 mm 的倒角探针与茎杆弯曲强度的相关性更强。倒角探针还与已知会影响茎秆抗倒伏性的茎秆几何特征（例如，外皮厚度、直径和截面模量）密切相关。此外，研究了几种替代的外皮穿透指标，发现其中一些优于最常见的最大负载的外皮穿透指标。结论 农业和植物科学界需要制定与植物茎的机械性状相关的商定操作程序和测试标准。尤其，需要用于外皮穿透研究的标准化探针几何形状和插入速率，以实现更大的互操作性和结果的荟萃分析。在进行外皮穿透测试的任何研究中都应报告探头的形状和尺寸，因为这些因素会显着影响测试结果。