The sequential deposition of a NiO_x hole‐transporting layer, one‐step CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite absorber, and blended electron‐transporting layer that comprises [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and PNDI(2OD)T2 via automated ultrasonic spray‐coating technique is demonstrated in air for planar inverted p–i–n solution‐processed perovskite solar cells. Films fabricated via laboratory‐sale spin‐coating and industrially compatible spray‐coating process, respectively, are compared with each other to optimize both the film‐coating quality and corresponding device performance. This is validated by the photovoltaic performance of prototype devices with three spray‐coated layers with the active area of 1 × 1 cm². The champion cells achieve a power conversion efficiency of 10.09%, which is one of the highest efficiencies obtained from fully spray‐processed large‐area perovskite solar cells thus far. Furthermore, these results reinforce the feasibility of the spray‐coating methodology for the fabrication of multilayers within perovskite solar cells stack and low‐cost route toward upscaling the manufacturing alternatives to spin coating.

中文翻译：

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顺序超声喷涂层三层，用于1 cm2有源区域倒钙钛矿太阳能电池

NiO _x空穴传输层，一步式CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃钙钛矿吸收剂和包含[6,6]-苯基-C _61的混合电子传输层的顺序沉积空气中用于平面倒装p–n–n溶液处理的钙钛矿太阳能电池的空气中展示了通过自动超声喷涂技术获得的丁酸甲酯（PCBM）和PNDI（2OD）T2。分别比较了通过实验室销售的旋涂和工业兼容的喷涂工艺制造的薄膜，以优化薄膜涂覆质量和相应的器件性能。这通过具有三个喷涂层，有效面积为1×1 cm ²的原型设备的光伏性能来验证。冠军电池实现了10.09％的功率转换效率，这是迄今为止通过完全喷雾处理的大面积钙钛矿型太阳能电池获得的最高效率之一。此外，这些结果增强了喷涂方法在钙钛矿型太阳能电池堆内部制造多层膜的可行性，并增强了低成本方法以扩大旋涂的制造替代方案。