Over the past three decades, Indigenous Guardian programs (also known as Indigenous Rangers and Watchmen) have emerged as an institution for Indigenous governments to engage in collaborative environmental governance. Using a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature for research conducted in Australia, Canada, Aotearoa/ New Zealand, and the United States, we sought i) to characterize the emergence of Indigenous Guardians in the literature; and ii) to explore whether those Guardian approaches are representative of Indigenous approaches to environmental governance. Using a multi-step relevance screening methodology, we reviewed 83 articles published since 1995, that report on, critique, and/ or comment on Indigenous Guardians. Our findings indicate that most articles were published in the last decade, focus on Australia, and are considered to be in a social science discipline. Further, while the majority of articles were led by a university, only half of those included an Indigenous scholar, community, or group on the author team. Finally, only a limited number of surveyed Guardian programs were locally led and exemplified Indigenous governance, according to two well-known community-based monitoring typologies. These findings indicate that more research is required to understand the implications of current Guardian programs for Indigenous self-determination, particularly when embedded within a broader Western environmental governance structure. Few functional solutions to these complex issues are currently proposed in the literature yet are increasingly fundamental to achieving conservation and climate targets, as well as reconciliation. Article impact statement: Since 2010 the number of peer-reviewed articles on indigenous guardians has risen substantially, signaling their vital role in conservation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

土著监护人作为一种新兴的土著环境治理方法

在过去的三年中，土著监护人计划（也称为土著游骑兵和守望者）已成为土著政府参与协作环境治理的机构。使用对在澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰和美国进行的研究的同行评审文献的系统回顾，我们试图 i) 描述文献中土著监护人的出现；ii) 探索这些 Guardian 方法是否代表了土著环境治理方法。使用多步骤相关性筛选方法，我们审查了自 1995 年以来发表的 83 篇关于土著监护人的报告、批评和/或评论的文章。我们的调查结果表明，大多数文章都是在过去十年发表的，重点是澳大利亚，并且被认为属于社会科学学科。此外，虽然大多数文章是由大学领导的，但只有一半的文章包括作者团队中的土著学者、社区或团体。最后，根据两种著名的基于社区的监测类型，只有少数接受调查的 Guardian 计划是由当地领导并体现了土著治理的。这些发现表明，需要更多的研究来了解当前卫报计划对土著自决的影响，特别是当嵌入到更广泛的西方环境治理结构中时。目前在文献中提出的这些复杂问题的功能性解决方案很少，但对于实现保护和气候目标以及和解越来越重要。文章影响说明：自 2010 年以来，关于土著监护人的同行评议文章数量大幅增加，表明他们在保护中的重要作用。本文受版权保护。版权所有。