Procrastination is a prevalent problem among university students and associated with high long-term costs, but the short-term antecedents and consequences of procrastination are not well understood. Some related negative outcomes could be consequences as well as predictors of procrastination. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible reciprocal associations of affective, cognitive and health-related characteristics associated with procrastination on a momentary basis. Using ambulatory assessment, state procrastination, rumination, affective valence, and objective and subjective sleep quality were assessed over the course of 1 week. It was hypothesized that moments/days of more procrastination would be characterized by more concurrent positive affective valence and followed by moments/days of greater rumination and more negative affective valence, as well as poorer sleep quality the following night. These relations were assumed to be reciprocal, with more rumination, more negative affective valence and poorer sleep quality predicting procrastination, thus forming a self-perpetuating cycle. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the data of 3797 observations from 63 university students. Contrary to hypotheses, procrastination moments were characterized by more concurrent negative affective valence. Furthermore, the analyses revealed no prospective reciprocal associations of the assessed constructs. Overall, the results do not support existing theoretical assumptions and research on antecedents and consequences of procrastination.

中文翻译：

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拖延症、情感状态、反刍和睡眠质量：通过动态评估研究相互影响

拖延是大学生中普遍存在的问题，并且与高昂的长期成本相关，但拖延的短期前因和后果尚不清楚。一些相关的负面结果可能是拖延的后果和预测因素。本研究的目的是调查与暂时性拖延相关的情感、认知和健康相关特征之间可能的相互关联。在 1 周的过程中，使用动态评估、状态拖延、沉思、情感效价以及客观和主观的睡眠质量进行评估。据推测，更多拖延的时刻/天的特征是更多的并发积极情感效价，其次是更多沉思和更多消极情感效价的时刻/天，以及第二天晚上更差的睡眠质量。这些关系被认为是相互的，更多的反刍、更多的负面情感效价和更差的睡眠质量预示着拖延，从而形成一个自我延续的循环。多层次建模用于分析来自 63 名大学生的 3797 次观察数据。与假设相反，拖延时刻的特征是更多并发的负面情感效价。此外，分析显示评估的结构没有前瞻性的相互关联。全面的，