The tensile and compressive behaviors of 316L stainless steel at room temperature were compared. The differences between the stress–strain responses during tension and compression were explained by the different evolutions of the texture, defect structure, and phase composition. It was found that up to true strain of ~ 25 pct the flow stress during tension was only slightly higher (by ~ 40 MPa) than that during compression, which can be explained by the different textures of the two types of specimens. On the other hand, between the strains of 25 and 50 pct, the strain hardening for tension was much higher, which resulted in a ~ 200 MPa larger flow stress in the tensile-tested specimen at 50 pct strain. It was revealed that the higher flow stress in tension was caused by the harder texture, the higher dislocation density, and the larger fraction of martensite phase.

比较了316L不锈钢在室温下的拉伸和压缩行为。拉伸和压缩过程中应力-应变响应之间的差异可以通过纹理，缺陷结构和相组成的不同演变来解释。发现直到真正的应变〜25 pct时，拉伸过程中的流应力仅比压缩过程中的流应力稍高（约40 MPa），这可以用两种类型的试样的不同质地来解释。另一方面，在25和50 pct的应变之间，用于拉伸的应变硬化要高得多，这导致在50 pct应变的拉伸测试样本中流变应力增大了〜200 MPa。结果表明，较高的拉应力是由于组织越硬，位错密度越高，