Context Natural sound and light regulate fundamental biological processes and are central to visitor experience in protected areas. As such, anthropogenic light and noise have negative effects on both wildlife and humans. While prior studies have examined the distribution and levels of light or noise, joint analyses are rarely undertaken despite their potentially cumulative effects. Objectives We examine the relationship between different types of anthropogenic light and noise conditions and what factors drive correlation, co-occurrences, and divergence between them. Methods We overlaid existing geospatial models of anthropogenic light and noise with landscape predictors in national parks across the continental U.S. Results Overlapping dark and quiet were the most common conditions (82.5–87.1% of park area), representing important refuges for wildlife and human experience. We found low correlation between anthropogenic light and noise (Spearman’s R < 0.25), with the exception of parks with a higher density of roads. Park land within urban areas had the highest probability of co-occurring high light and noise exposure, while park areas with divergent light and noise exposure (e.g., high light and low noise) were most commonly found 5–20 km from urban areas and in parks with roads present. Conclusions These analyses demonstrate that light and noise exposure are not always correlated in national parks, which was unexpected because human activities tend to produce both simultaneously. As such, mitigation efforts for anthropogenic light and noise will require efforts targeting site-specific sources of noise and light. Protecting and restoring sensory environments will involve constructive partnerships capable of reconciling diverse community interests.

中文翻译：

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美国国家公园人为光与噪声的关系

背景 自然声光调节基本的生物过程，是保护区游客体验的核心。因此，人为光和噪音对野生动物和人类都有负面影响。虽然先前的研究已经检查了光或噪声的分布和水平，但很少进行联合分析，尽管它们具有潜在的累积效应。目标我们研究了不同类型的人为光和噪声条件之间的关系，以及哪些因素驱动了它们之间的相关性、共现性和差异性。方法我们将现有的人为光和噪声地理空间模型与美国大陆国家公园的景观预测因子​​重叠 结果 黑暗和安静重叠是最常见的条件（公园面积的 82.5-87.1%），代表野生动物和人类体验的重要避难所。我们发现人为光与噪声之间的相关性较低（Spearman's R < 0.25），但道路密度较高的公园除外。市区内的公园用地同时发生强光和噪声暴露的可能性最高，而具有发散光和噪声暴露（例如，强光和低噪声）的公园区域最常见于距离市区 5-20 公里的地方，在有道路的公园。结论 这些分析表明，在国家公园中，光和噪声暴露并不总是相关，这是出乎意料的，因为人类活动往往同时产生两者。因此，缓解人为光和噪声的努力将需要针对特定​​地点的噪声和光源进行努力。