Positioning and location estimation of targets either for mobile or stationary nodes is very important, especially after the astonishing developments of the wired and/or wireless communications, as well as the popularity of handheld devices. To assist in accessing services or managing resources, numerous users, application developers, and service providers require accurate position information. Owing to the boom of multisensory systems, wireless technology, and autonomous systems, many positioning systems have been proposed. These positioning systems differ based on the adopted technology, type of sensory information, communication protocol, algorithm, and accuracy level. These different approaches impose a non-negligible amount of uncertainty and challenges; in such case, fuzzy-logic-based localization systems offer an attractive and feasible approach to overcome some of the reported challenges and handle uncertainties, depending on its proven mathematical framework for handling vagueness and uncertainty. Intuitively, fuzzy sets and fuzzy inference systems are initially intended to incorporate granularity and flexibility of human knowledge, which characterize complex system behaviors without explicitly requiring precise mathematical models or when a complete and exhaustive list of comprehending factors are ill known.

This study demonstrates the benefits of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy inference systems in wireless positioning problems. Notably, as a way to benefit both the academic community and practitioners of system positioning, we review and investigate various fuzzy-related techniques and methodologies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review that focuses solely on fuzzy-based positioning systems.

对于移动或固定节点的目标的定位和位置估计非常重要，尤其是在有线和/或无线通信的惊人发展以及手持设备的普及之后。为了协助访问服务或管理资源，许多用户，应用程序开发人员和服务提供者都需要准确的位置信息。由于多传感器系统，无线技术和自治系统的兴起，已经提出了许多定位系统。这些定位系统根据所采用的技术，感觉信息的类型，通信协议，算法和准确性级别而有所不同。这些不同的方法带来了不可忽略的不确定性和挑战。在这种情况下，基于模糊逻辑的定位系统提供了一种有吸引力且可行的方法，可以克服一些已报告的挑战并处理不确定性，这取决于其处理模糊性和不确定性的成熟数学框架。直观上，模糊集和模糊推理系统最初旨在结合人类知识的粒度和灵活性，从而无需复杂的数学模型即可明确表征复杂系统的行为，或者不了解完整且详尽的理解因素清单。

这项研究证明了模糊集，模糊逻辑和模糊推理系统在无线定位问题中的优势。值得注意的是，作为使学术界和系统定位从业人员都受益的一种方法，我们回顾并研究了各种与模糊相关的技术和方法。据我们所知，这是第一个仅针对基于模糊的定位系统的全面综述。