PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review mechanisms of blushing and fear of blushing from physiological, neuropharmacological and psychological viewpoints, and to evaluate current forms of treatment for blushing-related fear. RECENT FINDINGS Blushing appears to be driven primarily by sympathetic adrenomedullary and neural vasodilator discharge, possibly in association with secondary neurovascular inflammation. Psychological risk factors for fear of blushing include social anxiety, coupled with heightened self-focused attention and inflated beliefs about the likelihood and social costs of blushing. In addition, schemas of emotional inhibition, social isolation and alienation may underlie blushing-related fears. Established psychological treatments for fear of blushing include task concentration training, exposure, cognitive therapy, social skills training, psychoeducation and applied relaxation. More novel approaches include mindfulness and mindful self-compassion, video feedback and imagery rescripting. There are no established pharmacological treatments specifically for fear of blushing. However, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are effective treatments for social anxiety disorder and may thus help some patients manage their fear of blushing. A reactive sympathetic nervous system may interact with psychological predispositions to intensify fear of blushing. These physiological and psychological risk factors could be promising targets for treatment.

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害怕脸红的治疗方法。

审查的目的从生理学，神经药理学和心理学的观点来审查脸红和对脸红的恐惧的机制，并评估当前与脸红有关的恐惧的治疗形式。最近的发现脸红似乎主要是由交感性肾上腺髓质和神经血管扩张药释放引起的，可能与继发性神经血管炎有关。担心脸红的心理风险因素包括社交焦虑，加上自我关注的高度集中，以及对脸红的可能性和社会成本的信念过高。另外，情绪抑制，社会孤立和疏远的图式可能是与脸红有关的恐惧的基础。为避免脸红而建立的心理治疗方法包括任务集中训练，暴露，认知疗法，社交技能训练，心理教育和放松。更新颖的方法包括正念和正念自我同情，视频反馈和图像改写。目前尚无专门针对害怕脸红的药物治疗方法。但是，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂是治疗社交焦虑症的有效方法，因此可以帮助一些患者缓解对脸红的恐惧。反应性交感神经系统可能会与心理倾向发生相互作用，加剧对脸红的恐惧。这些生理和心理危险因素可能是有希望的治疗目标。目前尚无专门针对害怕脸红的药物治疗方法。但是，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂是治疗社交焦虑症的有效方法，因此可以帮助一些患者缓解对脸红的恐惧。反应性交感神经系统可能会与心理倾向发生相互作用，加剧对脸红的恐惧。这些生理和心理危险因素可能是有希望的治疗目标。目前尚无专门针对害怕脸红的药物治疗方法。但是，选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂是治疗社交焦虑症的有效方法，因此可以帮助一些患者缓解对脸红的恐惧。反应性交感神经系统可能会与心理倾向发生相互作用，加剧对脸红的恐惧。这些生理和心理危险因素可能是有希望的治疗目标。反应性交感神经系统可能会与心理倾向发生相互作用，加剧对脸红的恐惧。这些生理和心理危险因素可能是有希望的治疗目标。反应性交感神经系统可能会与心理倾向发生相互作用，加剧对脸红的恐惧。这些生理和心理危险因素可能是有希望的治疗目标。