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Comparative floral development reveals novel aspects of structure and diversity of flowers in Cannabaceae
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 , DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boaa004
Flávia M Leme 1, 2 , Jürg Schönenberger 3 , Yannick M Staedler 3 , Simone P Teixeira 4
Affiliation  

Species of Cannabaceae are wind pollinated, have inconspicuous and reduced flowers that are pistillate, staminate and apparently perfect on the same individual or on different individuals, with a single-whorled perianth and a pseudomonomerous gynoecium. Our objective is to understand the developmental processes that lead to such a reduced flower morphology and polygamy in Cannabis sativa, Celtis iguanaea and Trema micrantha. Floral buds and flowers were processed for surface, histological examinations and 3D reconstructions of vasculature. The single-whorled perianth is interpreted as a calyx because the organs are robust, have a broad base, an acute apex and quincuncial aestivation and are opposite the stamens. Petals are absent from inception. The dicliny is established at different development stages: stamens or carpels are absent from inception (Cannabis sativa), initiated and aborted during early (Trema micrantha, before sporo/gametogenesis) or late (Celtis iguanaea, after sporo/gametogenesis) development. Furthermore, in all species studied the carpels are congenitally united and the pseudomonomerous nature of the gynoecium is confirmed. Glandular trichomes are distributed on the bracts, sepals, anther connective and receptacle. Special floral features shared by species of Cannabaceae include precocious ovule development and sepals that are each vascularized by one bundle. The reduced flowers of Cannabaceae are the result of the absence from inception and/or abortion of organs and even of a whole whorl at different developmental stages, which were probably selected in response to pressures exerted by the similar pollination mechanism.

中文翻译:

比较花卉发育揭示了大麻科花的结构和多样性的新颖方面

大麻科植物是风授粉的,花朵不起眼且减少了花,具硬毛,在同一个体或不同个体上单生和固定,显然是完美的,有单花被的花被和假单生的妇科。我们的目标是了解导致大麻Celtis iguanaeaTrema micrantha的花形和一夫多妻制减少的发育过程。。处理花芽和花朵以进行表面,组织学检查和脉管系统的3D重建。单w花被解释为花萼,因为这些器官健壮,有宽阔的基部,尖锐的先端和五棱锥,并且与雄蕊相对。从一开始就没有花瓣。该专长是在不同的发育阶段建立的:雄蕊或心皮在开始时不存在(大麻),在早期(孢子/配子发生之前的Trema micrantha)或晚期(Celtis iguanaea,孢子/配子发生之后)。此外,在所有研究的物种中,心皮都是先天结合的,并且证实了妇科的假单体性质。腺毛状体分布在the片,萼片,花药连接物和容器上。大麻科物种共有的特殊花卉特征包括早熟的胚珠发育和萼片,它们每束都被一束血管化。Cannabaceae的花减少是由于没有器官的开始和/或流产以及甚至在不同发育阶段的整个轮生而导致的,这可能是由于类似授粉机制施加的压力而选择的。
更新日期:2020-02-20
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