Abstract Objectives Empirically informed neuropsychological opinion is critical for determining whether cognitive deficits and symptoms are legitimate, particularly in settings where there are significant external incentives for successful malingering. The Slick, Sherman, and Iversion (1999) criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND) are considered a major milestone in the field’s operationalization of neurocognitive malingering and have strongly influenced the development of malingering detection methods, including serving as the criterion of malingering in the validation of several performance validity tests (PVTs) and symptom validity tests (SVTs) (Slick, D.J., Sherman, E.M.S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545–561). However, the MND criteria are long overdue for revision to address advances in malingering research and to address limitations identified by experts in the field. Method The MND criteria were critically reviewed, updated with reference to research on malingering, and expanded to address other forms of malingering pertinent to neuropsychological evaluation such as exaggeration of self-reported somatic and psychiatric symptoms. Results The new proposed criteria simplify diagnostic categories, expand and clarify external incentives, more clearly define the role of compelling inconsistencies, address issues concerning PVTs and SVTs (i.e., number administered, false positives, and redundancy), better define the role of SVTs and of marked discrepancies indicative of malingering, and most importantly, clearly define exclusionary criteria based on the last two decades of research on malingering in neuropsychology. Lastly, the new criteria provide specifiers to better describe clinical presentations for use in neuropsychological assessment. Conclusions The proposed multidimensional malingering criteria that define cognitive, somatic, and psychiatric malingering for use in neuropsychological assessment are presented.

中文翻译：

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神经心理评估的多维伪装标准：伪装神经心理功能障碍标准的 20 年更新

摘要 目标 经验丰富的神经心理学观点对于确定认知缺陷和症状是否合法至关重要，尤其是在成功装病有显着外部诱因的情况下。Slick、Sherman 和 Iversion (1999) 的伪装神经认知功能障碍 (MND) 标准被认为是该领域神经认知伪装操作的一个重要里程碑，并强烈影响了伪装检测方法的发展，包括在验证几种表现有效性测试 (PVT) 和症状有效性测试 (SVT)（Slick, DJ, Sherman, EMS, & Iverson, GL (1999). 假装神经认知功能障碍的诊断标准：临床实践和研究的建议标准。临床神经心理学家，13（4），545-561）。然而，MND 标准早就应该进行修订，以解决伪装研究的进步并解决该领域专家确定的局限性。方法 MND 标准经过严格审查，参考装病研究进行更新，并扩展到处理与神经心理学评估相关的其他形式的装病，例如夸大自我报告的躯体和精神症状。结果 新提议的标准简化了诊断类别，扩展和澄清了外部激励，更明确地定义了令人信服的不一致的作用，解决了有关 PVT 和 SVT 的问题（即管理数量、误报和冗余），更好地定义了 SVT显着差异表明装病，最重要的是，根据过去 20 年神经心理学中关于装病的研究，明确定义了排除标准。最后，新标准提供了说明符，以更好地描述用于神经心理学评估的临床表现。结论 提出了定义用于神经心理学评估的认知、躯体和精神伪装的拟议多维伪装标准。