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Uncovering the hidden diversity of litter-decomposition mechanisms in mushroom-forming fungi.
The ISME Journal ( IF 11.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0667-6
Dimitrios Floudas 1 , Johan Bentzer 1 , Dag Ahrén 1 , Tomas Johansson 1 , Per Persson 1, 2 , Anders Tunlid 1
Affiliation  

Litter decomposing Agaricales play key role in terrestrial carbon cycling, but little is known about their decomposition mechanisms. We assembled datasets of 42 gene families involved in plant-cell-wall decomposition from seven newly sequenced litter decomposers and 35 other Agaricomycotina members, mostly white-rot and brown-rot species. Using sequence similarity and phylogenetics, we split the families into phylogroups and compared their gene composition across nutritional strategies. Subsequently, we used Raman spectroscopy to examine the ability of litter decomposers, white-rot fungi, and brown-rot fungi to decompose crystalline cellulose. Both litter decomposers and white-rot fungi share the enzymatic cellulose decomposition, whereas brown-rot fungi possess a distinct mechanism that disrupts cellulose crystallinity. However, litter decomposers and white-rot fungi differ with respect to hemicellulose and lignin degradation phylogroups, suggesting adaptation of the former group to the litter environment. Litter decomposers show high phylogroup diversity, which is indicative of high functional versatility within the group, whereas a set of white-rot species shows adaptation to bulk-wood decomposition. In both groups, we detected species that have unique characteristics associated with hitherto unknown adaptations to diverse wood and litter substrates. Our results suggest that the terms white-rot fungi and litter decomposers mask a much larger functional diversity.

中文翻译:

揭示蘑菇形成真菌中凋落物分解机制的隐藏多样性。

分解垃圾的木耳菌在陆地碳循环中起关键作用,但对其分解机理知之甚少。我们收集了来自七个新测序的凋落物分解基因和35个其他姬松子成员的植物细胞壁分解所涉及的42个基因家族的数据集,其中大多数为白腐烂和棕腐烂物种。使用序列相似性和系统发育学,我们将这些科分成了系统群,并比较了各种营养策略的基因组成。随后,我们使用拉曼光谱法研究了垃圾分解剂,白腐真菌和棕腐真菌分解结晶纤维素的能力。凋落物分解剂和白腐真菌均具有酶促纤维素分解作用,而褐腐真菌具有破坏纤维素结晶度的独特机理。然而,凋落物分解剂和白腐真菌在半纤维素和木质素降解系统群方面有所不同,这表明前者适应了凋落物环境。凋落物分解物显示出高的菌群多样性,这表明该群体内的功能多样性高,而一组白腐菌则显示出对块木材分解的适应性。在这两组中,我们检测到的物种具有与迄今未知的对多种木材和垫料基质的适应性相关的独特特征。我们的结果表明,术语“白腐真菌”和“垃圾分解者”掩盖了更大的功能多样性。凋落物分解物显示出高的菌群多样性,这表明该群体内的功能多样性高,而一组白腐菌则显示出对块木材分解的适应性。在这两组中,我们检测到的物种具有与迄今未知的对多种木材和垫料基质的适应性相关的独特特征。我们的结果表明,术语“白腐真菌”和“垃圾分解者”掩盖了更大的功能多样性。凋落物分解物显示出高的菌群多样性,这表明该群体内的功能多样性高,而一组白腐菌则显示出对块木材分解的适应性。在这两组中,我们检测到的物种具有与迄今未知的对多种木材和垫料基质的适应性相关的独特特征。我们的结果表明,术语“白腐真菌”和“垃圾分解者”掩盖了更大的功能多样性。
更新日期:2020-05-07
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