Aspergillus is used for the industrial production of enzymes and organic acids, mainly by submerged fermentation (SmF). However, solid-state fermentation (SSF) offers several advantages over SmF. Although differences related to lower catabolite repression and substrate inhibition, as well as higher extracellular enzyme production in SSF compared to SmF have been shown, the mechanisms undelaying such differences are still unknown. To explain some differences among SSF and SmF, the secretome of Aspergillus brasiliensis obtained from cultures in a homogeneous physiological state with high glucose concentrations was analyzed. Of the regulated proteins produced by SmF, 74% were downregulated by increasing the glucose concentration, whereas all those produced by SSF were upregulated. The most abundant and upregulated protein found in SSF was the transaldolase, which could perform a moonlighting function in fungal adhesion to the solid support. This study evidenced that SSF: (i) improves the kinetic parameters in relation to SmF, (ii) prevents the catabolite repression, (iii) increases the branching level of hyphae and oxidative metabolism, as well as the concentration and diversity of secreted proteins, and (iv) favors the secretion of typically intracellular proteins that could be involved in fungal adhesion. All these differences can be related to the fact that molds are more specialized to growth in solid materials because they mimic their natural habitat.

中文翻译：

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固态发酵增加了巴西曲霉的分泌组复杂性

曲霉用于酶和有机酸的工业生产，主要通过深层发酵 (SmF) 进行。然而，固态发酵 (SSF) 比 SmF 具有多个优势。尽管与 SSF 相比，与 SSF 中较低的分解代谢物抑制和底物抑制以及更高的细胞外酶产生相关的差异已被证明，但消除这种差异的机制仍然未知。为了解释 SSF 和 SmF 之间的一些差异，分析了从具有高葡萄糖浓度的均匀生理状态的培养物中获得的巴西曲霉的分泌组。在 SmF 产生的受调控蛋白质中，74% 的蛋白质因增加葡萄糖浓度而被下调，而 SSF 产生的所有蛋白质都被上调。在 SSF 中发现的最丰富和上调的蛋白质是转醛缩酶，它可以在真菌与固体支持物的粘附中发挥月光作用。该研究证明 SSF：(i) 改善与 SmF 相关的动力学参数，(ii) 防止分解代谢物抑制，(iii) 增加菌丝和氧化代谢的分支水平，以及分泌蛋白的浓度和多样性， (iv) 有利于分泌可能参与真菌粘附的典型细胞内蛋白质。所有这些差异都可能与这样一个事实有关，即霉菌更适合在固体材料中生长，因为它们模仿了它们的自然栖息地。(i) 改善与 SmF 相关的动力学参数，(ii) 防止分解代谢物的抑制，(iii) 增加菌丝和氧化代谢的分支水平，以及分泌蛋白的浓度和多样性，以及 (iv) 有利于分泌可能参与真菌粘附的典型细胞内蛋白质。所有这些差异都可能与这样一个事实有关，即霉菌更适合在固体材料中生长，因为它们模仿了它们的自然栖息地。(i) 改善与 SmF 相关的动力学参数，(ii) 防止分解代谢物的抑制，(iii) 增加菌丝和氧化代谢的分支水平，以及分泌蛋白的浓度和多样性，以及 (iv) 有利于分泌可能参与真菌粘附的典型细胞内蛋白质。所有这些差异都可能与这样一个事实有关，即霉菌更适合在固体材料中生长，因为它们模仿了它们的自然栖息地。