Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is a native shrub on the steep slopes of the mountains and on the plains in the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Turkey is the world’s largest hazelnut producer and exporter, followed by Italy, Spain, the United States, and Greece. Within the scope of this project, a number of surveys were conducted in Turkey to understand the impact of a glyphosate ban on hazelnut production and the economy. Sixty farm surveys were conducted within the Black Sea region, and those data were used as primary information sources. Databases of institutions, theses, academic reports, and published articles were used as secondary data sources to determine the possible effects of a glyphosate ban on Turkish hazelnut production and economy. One of the most important findings of the study was that agricultural business and employment sustained by hazelnut production constitute a significant part of the rural economy. Tillage and mechanical strategies remain as the most sustainable alternative methods for controlling weeds. A potential glyphosate restriction may increase the demand for labor due to a higher need for mechanical strategies. The cost of these alternative methods are 80% more compared with glyphosate weed control systems. The benefit–cost model predicted that, in the case of no glyphosate use, total hazelnut production would decrease by 12% to 21% due to inefficient weed control. A glyphosate ban would result in a reduction in Turkish gross domestic product. Yearly, an average of US$2 billion in revenue is obtained from hazelnut exports, and this number corresponds to 1.37% of Turkey’s annual export value. The glyphosate ban would cause a US$240 to US$420 million loss in hazelnut export value and reduce production by 66 to 115 million kg. Global demand for hazelnut is believed to be on the increase, and world production depends largely on Turkey.

中文翻译：

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欧盟潜在草甘膦监管限制对土耳其榛子生产和经济的影响分析

榛子 (榛子L.) 是土耳其黑海沿岸陡峭山坡和平原上的原生灌木。土耳其是世界上最大的榛子生产国和出口国，其次是意大利、西班牙、美国和希腊。在该项目范围内，土耳其进行了多项调查，以了解草甘膦禁令对榛子生产和经济的影响。在黑海地区进行了 60 次农场调查，这些数据被用作主要信息来源。机构、论文、学术报告和已发表文章的数据库被用作辅助数据来源，以确定草甘膦禁令对土耳其榛子生产和经济的可能影响。该研究最重要的发现之一是榛子生产所维持的农业商业和就业构成了农村经济的重要组成部分。耕作和机械策略仍然是控制杂草的最可持续的替代方法。由于对机械策略的更高需求，潜在的草甘膦限制可能会增加对劳动力的需求。与草甘膦除草系统相比，这些替代方法的成本高出 80%。收益-成本模型预测，在不使用草甘膦的情况下，由于杂草控制效率低下，榛子总产量将减少 12% 至 21%。草甘膦禁令将导致土耳其国内生产总值下降。榛子出口每年平均获得 20 亿美元的收入，这个数字相当于 1。土耳其年出口额的 37%。草甘膦禁令将导致榛子出口价值损失 240 至 4.2 亿美元，减产 66 至 1.15 亿公斤。据信全球对榛子的需求正在增加，世界产量主要依赖于土耳其。