BACKGROUND Avian influenza virus infections cause significant economic losses on poultry farms and pose the threat of a possible pandemic outbreak. Routine vaccination of poultry against avian influenza is not recommended in Europe, however it has been ordered in some other countries, and more countries are considering use of the avian influenza vaccine as a component of their control strategy. Although a variety of such vaccines have been tested, most research has concentrated on specific antibodies and challenge experiments. METHODS We monitored the transcriptomic response to a DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin from the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in the spleens of broiler and layer chickens. Moreover, in layer chickens the response to one and two doses of the vaccine was compared. RESULTS All groups of birds immunized with two doses of the vaccine responded at the humoral level by producing specific anti-hemagglutinin antibodies. A response to the vaccine was also detected in the spleen transcriptomes. Differential expression of many genes encoding noncoding RNA and proteins functionally connected to the neuroendocrine-immune system was observed in different immunized groups. CONCLUSION Broiler chickens showed a higher number and wider range of fold-changes in the transcriptional response than laying hens.

中文翻译：

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对H5N1病毒的DNA疫苗的反应取决于鸡系和剂量。

背景技术禽流感病毒感染给家禽养殖场造成重大的经济损失，并有可能爆发大流行的威胁。在欧洲，不建议对禽类进行常规疫苗接种，但是在其他一些国家也已下令接种禽流感，更多的国家正在考虑将禽流感疫苗用作其控制策略的一部分。尽管已测试了多种此类疫苗，但大多数研究都集中在特异性抗体和挑战性实验上。方法我们监测了来自高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒的编码血凝素的DNA疫苗在肉鸡和蛋鸡脾脏中的转录组反应。此外，比较了分层鸡对一剂和两剂疫苗的反应。结果用两剂疫苗免疫的所有鸟类在体液水平上均产生特异性抗血凝素抗体。在脾转录组中也检测到对疫苗的反应。在不同的免疫组中观察到许多编码非编码RNA和功能上与神经内分泌免疫系统功能相关的蛋白质的基因的差异表达。结论肉鸡在转录反应中的倍数变化倍数高于蛋鸡。在不同的免疫组中观察到许多编码非编码RNA和功能上与神经内分泌免疫系统功能相关的蛋白质的基因的差异表达。结论肉鸡在转录反应中的倍数变化倍数高于蛋鸡。在不同的免疫组中观察到许多编码非编码RNA和功能上与神经内分泌免疫系统功能相关的蛋白质的基因的差异表达。结论肉鸡在转录反应中的倍数变化倍数高于蛋鸡。