Forced copulation is an extreme form of sexual aggression that can affect the evolution of sex‐specific anatomy, morphology, and behavior. To characterize mechanistic and evolutionary aspects of forced copulation, we artificially selected male fruit flies based on their ability to succeed in the naturally prevalent behavior of forced matings with newly eclosed (teneral) females. The low and high forced copulation lineages showed rapid divergence, with the high lineages ultimately showing twice the rates of forced copulation as the low lineages. While males from the high lineages spent more time aggressively pursuing and mounting teneral females, their behavior toward non‐teneral and heterospecific females was similar to that of males from the low lineages. Males from the low and high lineages also showed similar levels of male‐male aggression. This suggests little or no genetic correlations between sexual aggression and non‐aggressive pursuit of females, and between male aggression toward females and males. Surprisingly however, males from the high lineages had twice as high mating success than males from the low lineages when allowed to compete for consensual mating with mature females. In further experiments, we found no evidence for trade‐offs associated with high forced mating rates: males from the high lineages did not have lower longevity than males from the low lineages when housed with females, and four generations of relaxed selection did not lead to convergence in forced mating rates. Our data indicate complex interactions among forced copulation success and consensual mating behavior, which we hope to clarify in future genomic work.

中文翻译：

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性攻击的人工选择：相关特征和可能的权衡

强迫交配是一种极端形式的性攻击，会影响特定性别的解剖结构、形态和行为的进化。为了描述强制交配的机制和进化方面的特征，我们根据雄性果蝇在与新封闭（体性）雌性强制交配的自然普遍行为中取得成功的能力人为选择了雄性果蝇。低强迫交配谱系和高强迫交配谱系表现出快速分化，高谱系最终表现出的强迫交配率是低谱系的两倍。虽然来自高谱系的雄性花更多时间积极地追求和安装性情雌性，但它们对非雌性和异种特异性雌性的行为与来自低谱系的雄性相似。低血统和高血统的雄性也表现出相似的雄性攻击性。这表明性攻击与对女性的非攻击性追求之间以及男性对女性和男性的攻击之间几乎没有或没有遗传相关性。然而，令人惊讶的是，当允许与成熟雌性竞争自愿交配时，来自高谱系的雄性的交配成功率是来自低谱系的雄性的两倍。在进一步的实验中，我们没有发现与高强迫交配率相关的权衡证据：当与雌性同住时，来自高谱系的雄性的寿命并不比低谱系的雄性低，而且四代宽松的选择并没有导致强制交配率的收敛。我们的数据表明强迫交配成功和双方同意的交配行为之间存在复杂的相互作用，我们希望在未来的基因组工作中澄清这一点。