Purpose

This study aimed to perform a systematic review to analyse the seasonal concentration and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in seawater and sediment samples collected from the coastline of Jam city in Bushehr, Iran.

Methods

A total of 96 sediment and seawater samples were collected from 16 sampling stations during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2017. Then, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined. Finally, the pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk (Er), and environmental risk (RI) were calculated to assess the HM ecological risk.

Results

The results showed that the mean concentrations of HMs were lower than the maximum acceptable concentration by SQG and NOAA. In addition, the PLI assessed a low pollution load level in the region. The ER and RI results also showed that the region was at low risk, and the metal risk was classified as Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr. In some samples, the mean concentrations of HM were found to be higher with a statistically significant difference (P˂0.05). The results also showed that sediments were engaging in a moderate Er by Cd.

Conclusions

Generally, the rapid growth of urbanization, as well as industrial and human activities, along this coastline and area has increased the pollutants dumped into the seawater and sediments. Thus, it is necessary to take regular monitoring programs and develop better management strategies to minimize the amount of HMs entering into this coastal area.

中文翻译：

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波斯湾沿岸地区重金属的时空变化与生态风险：以伊朗为例。

目的

本研究旨在进行系统评价，以分析从伊朗布什尔贾姆市海岸线采集的海水和沉积物样品中重金属 (HMs) 的季节性浓度和生态风险评估。

方法

2017年春、夏、秋、冬共从16个采样站采集了96份沉积物和海水样品，测定了铅、镍、镉、铬、铜、锌和铁的浓度。最后，计算污染负荷指数（PLI）、生态风险（Er）和环境风险（RI）来评估HM生态风险。

结果

结果表明，HMs 的平均浓度低于 SQG 和 NOAA 的最大可接受浓度。此外，PLI 评估了该地区的低污染负荷水平。ER和RI结果也显示该区域处于低风险区域，金属风险等级为Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr。在一些样本中，发现 HM 的平均浓度较高，差异有统计学意义（P˂0.05）。结果还表明，沉积物受到 Cd 的中等 Er 影响。

结论

一般来说，沿海岸线和地区的城市化以及工业和人类活动的快速发展增加了排放到海水和沉积物中的污染物。因此，有必要采取定期监测计划并制定更好的管理策略，以尽量减少进入该沿海地区的 HM 数量。