Cutaneous vasculitis is an inflammatory disease affecting the dermal blood vessel walls. The skin is a privileged organ in the setting of vasculitis since it is easily accessible for physical examination and safe biopsy, allowing an accurate characterization of inflammatory lesions. The skin is often involved. Also, cutaneous vasculitis can reflect a cutaneous component of a systemic vasculitis, a skin-limited or skin-dominant expression or variant of a systemic vasculitis, or be a single-organ vasculitis per se. Vasculitis lesions are multiple and polymorphic. They may induce a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the location and the size of the vessels involved. The depth of affected vessels is correlated with the type of cutaneous lesions. Involvement of small superficial vessels results mostly in urticarial, but relatively persistent plaques, papules, and palpable purpura. Involvement of vessels in the dermohypodermic junction or hypodermis results in ulcers, nodules, or livedo. The type of inflammatory infiltrate is also a key finding for the diagnosis of cutaneous vasculitis. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is not a disease per se but the result of a pathophysiological process common to different causes. A better knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the skin, elementary lesions, and histological characteristics of dermatologic manifestations would allow a more relevant and more efficient diagnostic approach. We also propose a list of additional exams to be performed in front of skin lesions suggestive of vasculitis. The aim of our article is to provide an overview of elementary skin lesions and clinicopathologic correlations in cutaneous and systemic vasculitis.

中文翻译：

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皮肤血管炎：诊断和临床病理相关性综述。

皮肤血管炎是一种影响真皮血管壁的炎症性疾病。皮肤是血管炎的特殊器官，因为它很容易进行体格检查和安全活检，可以准确表征炎症病变。皮肤常受累。此外，皮肤血管炎可以反映全身性血管炎的皮肤成分、全身性血管炎的皮肤局限性或皮肤优势表现或变体，或者本身是单器官血管炎。血管炎病变是多发性和多形性的。根据所涉及血管的位置和大小，它们可能会引起广泛的临床表现。受影响血管的深度与皮肤病变的类型相关。小浅表血管受累主要导致荨麻疹，但相对持久的斑块、丘疹和可触及的紫癜。皮下皮下连接处或皮下组织中的血管受累导致溃疡、结节或青斑。炎症浸润的类型也是诊断皮肤血管炎的关键发现。白细胞碎裂性血管炎本身并不是一种疾病，而是不同原因所共有的病理生理过程的结果。更好地了解皮肤的血管解剖结构、基本病变和皮肤病学表现的组织学特征，将提供更相关和更有效的诊断方法。我们还建议在提示血管炎的皮肤病变前进行一系列额外检查。