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Response of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) cell quotas to salinity and temperature shifts in the sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Polar Biology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02651-0
Boris Wittek , Gauthier Carnat , Jean-Louis Tison , Nathalie Gypens

Sea ice is an extreme environment known to host microbial communities which produce high concentrations of the metabolites dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). These two compounds are involved in the cycling of the climate-cooling gas dimethylsulfide. Despite decades of research, the drivers of these large concentrations in sea ice remain largely unknown. In this study, we use a cell culture approach to quantify for the first time the DMSP and DMSO cell quotas for the diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus under combined shifts of temperature and salinity typically encountered in the sea-ice brine habitat. In doing so, we investigate two suggested potential metabolic functions for DMSP and DMSO: osmoregulation and cryoprotection. We observed an increase of both DMSP:Chl-a and DMSO:Chl-a in multiple experiments with salinities of 75 and 100 at constant temperature, which suggest osmoregulation for both compounds in the diatom cell. Stronger salinity shifts to 150 induced lethal osmotic shock resulting in massive cell death. Interestingly, combining salinity shifts with temperature shifts (as low as − 7.4 °C) did not modify drastically the DMSP and DMSO cell quotas, which may indicate that the cryoprotectant function of DMSP and DMSO in our diatom cultures was not-relevant. Also, decreasing the salinity to 20 at constant temperature suggested no cellular adaptation in terms of DMSP and DMSO cell quotas.

中文翻译:

二甲基磺基丙酸盐 (DMSP) 和二甲亚砜 (DMSO) 细胞配额对海冰硅藻 Fragilariopsis cylindrus 中盐度和温度变化的响应

海冰是一种已知的极端环境,可容纳微生物群落,其产生高浓度的代谢物二甲基磺基丙酸酯 (DMSP) 和二甲亚砜 (DMSO)。这两种化合物参与了气候冷却气体二甲硫醚的循环。尽管进行了数十年的研究,但海冰中这些大量集中的驱动因素在很大程度上仍然未知。在这项研究中,我们使用细胞培养方法首次量化了在海冰盐水栖息地中通常遇到的温度和盐度的组合变化下硅藻 Fragilariopsis cylindrus 的 DMSP 和 DMSO 细胞配额。为此,我们研究了 DMSP 和 DMSO 的两个潜在代谢功能:渗透调节和冷冻保护。我们观察到 DMSP:Chl-a 和 DMSO 的增加:Chl-a 在恒温条件下,盐度为 75 和 100 的多个实验中,这表明硅藻细胞中两种化合物的渗透调节。更强的盐度转变为 150 诱导致死性渗透休克,导致大量细胞死亡。有趣的是,将盐度变化与温度变化(低至 - 7.4 °C)相结合并没有显着改变 DMSP 和 DMSO 细胞配额,这可能表明 DMSP 和 DMSO 在我们的硅藻培养物中的冷冻保护功能是不相关的。此外,在恒温下将盐度降低到 20 表明在 DMSP 和 DMSO 细胞配额方面没有细胞适应。将盐度变化与温度变化(低至 - 7.4 °C)相结合并没有显着改变 DMSP 和 DMSO 细胞配额,这可能表明 DMSP 和 DMSO 在我们的硅藻培养物中的冷冻保护功能是不相关的。此外,在恒温下将盐度降低到 20 表明在 DMSP 和 DMSO 细胞配额方面没有细胞适应。将盐度变化与温度变化(低至 - 7.4 °C)相结合并没有显着改变 DMSP 和 DMSO 细胞配额,这可能表明 DMSP 和 DMSO 在我们的硅藻培养物中的冷冻保护功能是不相关的。此外,在恒温下将盐度降低到 20 表明在 DMSP 和 DMSO 细胞配额方面没有细胞适应。
更新日期:2020-03-27
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