In this review, we focus on recent experiments involving transport and other dynamical aspects of emulsified droplets under nonequilibrium conditions. We include both active emulsions, where individual droplets develop self-propulsion or self-sustained motion at the expense of local energy sources, and driven emulsions, where droplets are activated through the local transduction of an external source. A common theme in the reported scenarios is the use of hybrid colloidal systems, where emulsions and liquid crystals are interfaced, providing with a rich scenario that features phenomena and mechanisms not found in traditional emulsions.

中文翻译：

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主动，自移动和驱动乳液

在这篇综述中，我们专注于最近的实验，涉及非平衡条件下乳化液滴的运输和其他动力学方面。我们既包括活性乳剂，其中个别液滴以牺牲局部能源为代价产生自我推进或自我维持的运动，也包括驱动乳剂，其中液滴通过外部来源的局部转导而活化。在已报道的场景中，一个共同的主题是使用混合胶体系统，其中乳剂和液晶是界面连接的，提供了一个丰富的场景，其特征是传统乳液中没有的现象和机理。