Abstract In autumn 2017, the influence of strong storms and mesoscale physical processes on phytoplankton has been studied in the Black Sea. Data on the taxonomic composition and biomass of phytoplankton, the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl), particulate organic carbon, primary production, chemical and physical properties of the environment were obtained using field observations, satellite scanners and two Bio-Argo floats. Different species predominated in cold-water and warm-water areas. In the vast cold-water area formed in the central part of the sea due to strong wind exposure for a month, two diatoms prevailed in the phytoplankton biomass: Pseudosollenia calcar-avis and Hemiaulus hauckii. Three-month observations using satellites and Bio-Argo floats showed that in the upper mixed layer (UML) an increase in Chl during the autumn occurred in a pulse mode in response to severe storms which caused the deepening of the UML. In the warm-water area with depleted inorganic nitrogen, located in the north-eastern part of the sea, coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi prevailed. Periods with high precipitation were often followed by an increase in the abundance of coccolithophores, which indicates an important role of terrestrial runoff as a source of nutrients. Two different mechanisms increased the phytoplankton biomass and Chl in young (two-week-old) mesoscale cyclonic eddies located within the cold-water area. The rise of the nutricline and wind-induced mixing resulted in pulsed nutrient inputs into the upper layers which stimulated the growth of diatoms and dinoflagellates. At the same time, the uplift of nutricline to a depth of 25–30 m with the daily integrated irradiance of 0.2–1.0 mol photons m−2 day−1 was sufficient to form a strong deep Chl maximum consisting of small flagellates and unicellular cyanobacteria.

中文翻译：

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物理过程对开放黑海浮游植物分类组成、分布和生长的影响

摘要 2017年秋季，在黑海研究了强风暴和中尺度物理过程对浮游植物的影响。浮游植物的分类组成和生物量、叶绿素-a (Chl) 的浓度、颗粒有机碳、初级生产、环境的化学和物理特性的数据是通过实地观察、卫星扫描仪和两个 Bio-Argo 浮标获得的。不同的物种在冷水和温水地区占优势。在海洋中部因一个月的强风暴露而形成的广阔冷水区，浮游植物生物量中有两种硅藻：Pseudosollenia calcar-avis和Hemiaulus hauckii。使用卫星和 Bio-Argo 浮标进行的三个月观测表明，在上混合层 (UML) 中，秋季期间 Chl 以脉冲模式增加，以响应导致 UML 加深的严重风暴。在位于海洋东北部的无机氮贫乏的温水区，以球石藻 Emiliania huxleyi 盛行。高降水期之后通常伴随着球石藻丰度的增加，这表明陆地径流作为养分来源的重要作用。两种不同的机制增加了位于冷水区域内的年轻（两周大）中尺度气旋涡流中的浮游植物生物量和 Chl。营养碱的增加和风引起的混合导致脉冲营养物质输入到上层，刺激了硅藻和甲藻的生长。同时，在日综合辐照度为 0.2-1.0 mol 光子 m−2 day−1 的情况下，nutricline 上升到 25-30 m 的深度足以形成一个由小鞭毛虫和单细胞蓝藻组成的强大的深 Chl 最大值.