Abstract While stress has been an important research area in the field of ergonomics, research on social stress and on the combination of stressors is largely lacking. This study examined the effects of social stress on psychological and physiological strain and performance. As an exploratory research question we looked at the combined effects of social stress and noise. Fifty-one male student participants were tested for 2 h using a computer-based simulation of a process control environment with multiple tasks. Social stress (TSST) and noise (80 dB) were varied experimentally. During the task, we repeatedly measured primary and secondary task performance, subjective strain, and psychophysiological strain (cortisol, heart rate). We found a main effect of social stress on physiological strain, both on cortisol and heart rate, but no main effects of social stress on subjective strain and performance. These results suggest that maintaining performance under stress comes at the cost of physiological strain. Practitioner summary: Although the presence of social stress is common at work, little experimental work has been done. Our experiment provides empirical evidence for negative effects of social stress on physiological stress responses while subjective strain and performance decrements could not be detected. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; b/min: beats per minute; CAMS: cabin air management system; CO2: carbon dioxide; dB: decibel; Df: degrees of freedom; ECG: electrocardiography; h: hours; Hz: hertz; M: mean; min: minutes; N: sample size; nmol/l: nanomol per liter; O2: oxygen; pm: post meridiem; SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; sec/s: seconds; TSST: trier social stress test

中文翻译：

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社会压力对复杂多任务环境中表现和压力的影响

摘要 虽然压力一直是人体工程学领域的一个重要研究领域，但对社会压力和压力源组合的研究却非常缺乏。本研究考察了社会压力对心理和生理压力和表现的影响。作为一个探索性研究问题，我们研究了社会压力和噪音的综合影响。使用具有多项任务的过程控制环境的基于计算机的模拟对 51 名男性学生参与者进行了 2 小时的测试。社会压力 (TSST) 和噪音 (80 dB) 因实验而异。在任务期间，我们反复测量了主要和次要任务表现、主观压力和心理生理压力（皮质醇、心率）。我们发现社会压力对生理压力的主要影响，包括皮质醇和心率，但社会压力对主观压力和表现没有主要影响。这些结果表明，在压力下保持表现是以生理压力为代价的。从业者总结：虽然社会压力的存在在工作中很常见，但实验工作很少。我们的实验为社会压力对生理压力反应的负面影响提供了经验证据，而主观应变和性能下降无法检测到。缩写：ANOVA：方差分析；b/min：每分钟心跳次数；CAMS：客舱空气管理系统；CO2：二氧化碳；dB：分贝；Df：自由度；心电图：心电图；h：小时；Hz：赫兹；M：意思；分钟：分钟；N：样本量；nmol/l：纳摩尔/升；O2：氧气；下午：午后；SD：标准差；SE：标准误差；sec/s：秒；