Despite constituting part of the human commensal flora, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum has been recognized as a potentially infectious agent, most frequently in immunocompromised patients or individuals with other morbidity factors, but significant association to comorbid states remains unproven. This study’s purpose was to assess clinical significance, risk factors for infection and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. pseudodiphtheriticum isolates. A retrospective observational study was conducted. Relevance of isolation was determined by clinical, laboratory, and imaging criteria. Forty-nine isolates occurred in 47 episodes. Colonization was assumed in 12% and infection in 78%, of which 51% were nosocomial. Patients with infection were older, with male predominance; both age and gender were statistically significant (p < 0.05) between infection and colonization groups. Although dyslipidemia (58%), arterial hypertension (58%), invasive procedures (56%), and chronic lung disease (50%) were prevalent in the infection group, no comorbidity was a significant risk factor for infection compared with colonization. Charlson comorbidity index showed no statistically difference between groups. Mortality rate was 14% in infection. Respiratory samples were the main isolation product; all tested strains were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate and vancomycin. Resistant strains were observed for clindamycin (77%) and erythromycin (48%). C. pseudodiphtheriticum isolation was associated with infection in most cases. Despite the high prevalence of comorbidities and invasive procedures, no factors other than age and gender were significantly associated with infection. Although C. pseudodiphtheriticum may constitute a contaminant or colonizer in clinical samples, positive cultures in patients with signs and symptoms consistent with infection should not be neglected.

尽管假人棒状杆菌是人共生菌群的一部分，但它已被公认为是潜在的传染原，最常发生在免疫功能低下的患者或具有其他发病因素的个体中，但尚无与共病状态的显着关联。这项研究的目的是评估假丝孢梭菌的临床意义，感染的危险因素和抗菌药的敏感性。隔离株。进行了回顾性观察研究。隔离的相关性由临床，实验室和成像标准确定。47例中出现了49株。假定有12％的人定居，有78％的人感染，其中51％是医院感染。感染患者年龄较大，以男性为主。年龄和性别均具有统计学意义（p <0.05）。尽管血脂异常（58％），动脉高血压（58％），侵入性手术（56％）和慢性肺部疾病（50％）在感染组中很普遍，但与定植相比，合并症没有成为感染的重要危险因素。查尔森合并症指数显示两组之间无统计学差异。感染死亡率为14％。呼吸道样本是主要的隔离产品。所有测试的菌株均对阿莫西林/克拉维酸盐和万古霉素敏感。观察到克林霉素（77％）和红霉素（48％）的耐药菌株。假双孢梭菌在大多数情况下，隔离与感染有关。尽管合并症和侵入性手术的患病率很高，但除年龄和性别外，没有其他因素与感染显着相关。尽管假双孢梭菌可能构成临床样品中的污染物或定居者，但不应忽略具有与感染一致的体征和症状的患者的阳性培养物。