Directional and positional information is essential for the diverse neuronal morphology and connectivity during development. The direction of axon growth is critical for building the correct networks among neurons, sometimes from far away. Neuronal synapses are asymmetric cell-cell junctions with distinct presynaptic and postsynaptic structures to convey neural activity in a directional fashion. Recent studies show that some of the key asymmetry is mediated by highly conversed cell polarity signaling pathways. These pathways, planar cell polarity and apical-basal polarity, are not required for the global axon-dendrite polarity. Therefore, the apparent distinct types of morphological asymmetry in the nervous system, growth cone turning and synaptic junctions, are mediated by similar cell polarity signaling mechanisms widely used in cellular and tissue morphogenesis.

中文翻译：

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打破对称性——生长锥引导和突触形成中的细胞极性信号通路。

方向和位置信息对于发育过程中多样化的神经元形态和连通性至关重要。轴突生长的方向对于在神经元之间建立正确的网络至关重要，有时是在远处。神经元突触是不对称的细胞 - 细胞连接，具有不同的突触前和突触后结构，以定向方式传达神经活动。最近的研究表明，一些关键的不对称性是由高度反转的细胞极性信号通路介导的。这些途径，平面细胞极性和顶端 - 基底极性，不是全局轴突 - 树突极性所必需的。因此，神经系统、生长锥转向和突触连接中明显不同类型的形态不对称，