In the ferns, cell size has been explored with spores, which are largely uniform within species, produced in abundance, and durable. However, spore size and shape have been variously defined, and the relationship of these traits to genome size has not been well established. Here, we explore the variation in fern spore size and shape by ploidy level and genome size.

中文翻译：

---

推断进化历史和生态限制对蕨类植物孢子大小和形状的影响。

在蕨类植物中，我们用孢子来探索细胞大小，这些孢子在物种内基本上是一致的，产量丰富且持久。然而，孢子大小和形状的定义多种多样，并且这些性状与基因组大小的关系尚未明确。在这里，我们通过倍性水平和基因组大小探索蕨类植物孢子大小和形状的变化。